Figure 48.—In 1917, with the coming of World War I, typhoid vaccination scenes such as this were commonplace.
Typhoid vaccination did not originate with the United States, but the American Army was the first to make vaccination a required prophylaxis against typhoid. For this step and the beneficial results which flowed from it, credit is due to the mass experiments conceived by Major Russell and carried out at the Army Medical Museum, and with vaccines at first produced in its laboratories.[1]
For such results, there was a multiplicity of interacting causes. Faster and more accurate diagnosis of cases helped to reduce the risk of infection, which was further reduced by more thorough and effective disinfection—a procedure which Major Russell termed "really important" in his first article on "The Prevention of Typhoid Fever by Vaccination and by Early Diagnosis and Isolation."[2]
- ↑ Afterward, the Army Medical School took over the preparation of antityphoid vaccine for the Army, the Navy, and the Public Health Service. An interesting account of the process and the components of the vaccine used against typhoid and the two types of paratyphoid was published in: Callender, G. R., and Luippold, G. F.: The Effectiveness of Typhoid Vaccine Prepared by the United States Army. Journal of the American Medical Association 123: 319-321, 9 October 1943.
- ↑ Russell, The Military Surgeon, 24 (1909), pp. 479-518.
Use of Vaccines. The American Journal of Hygiene, Monographic Series, No. 17, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, September 1941, pp. 12, 13. (2) Annual Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Army, 1910, p. 48. (3) Annual Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Army, 1911, p. 51.
