THE AWAKENING OF JAPAN
querors and the conquered, the introduction of an alien official language, the refusal to the native of any vital participation in administration, together with the dreadful clash of race-ideals and religious beliefs, all combined to produce a mental shock and anguish of spirit from which the Indians and the Chinese have never recovered. Such scholarship as was allowed to survive, was confined to those servile minds who submitted meekly to barbaric patronage. What was left of original intellectual vigor was heard only among the despairing echoes of the forest, or in the savage laughter of the bazaar. Art thenceforth becomes either ultra-conventional or else bizarre and grotesque.
Attempts to overthrow the foreign yoke were not lacking, and some of
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