APPLE.APPLETON.
APPLE, Joseph Henry, educator, was born Aug. 4, 1865, son of Joseph H. and Elizabeth Ann (Geiger) Apple. His ancestry was Scotch-Irish and German. He was educated in the public schools; at Allegheny college, Meadville, Pa.; and at Franklin and Marshall college, Lancaster, Pa., where he was graduated in 1885. He accepted the principalship of a school at St. Petersburg, Pa., and in 1887 he became professor of mathematics in the state normal school, Clarion, Pa. In 1891 he was elected associate professor of mathematics in Pittsburg central high school. In 1893 he was called to assume charge of the Frederick female seminary at Frederick, Md. He entered upon the work with a zeal that at once lifted the institution into a new plane of usefulness which is best described by noting its change of name to the Woman's college of Frederick. Mr. Apple was a member of the national guard of Pennsylvania for ten years, holding offices therein of various grades, and at college was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi. In addition to his scholastic work Professor Apple took a private course in theology and was licensed as a preacher by the Reformed church in the United States.
APPLE, Thomas Gilmore, educator, was born in Easton, Pa., Nov. 14, 1829. He was graduated at Marshall college in 1850, studied theology, was pastor in the German Reformed church at Easton, Pa., 1853-'65, and succeeded Dr. J. Vandervear as principal of the Easton academy. He was president of Mercersburg college, 1865-'71, professor of church history and exegesis in the theological seminary of the Reformed church, Lancaster, Pa., 1871-'98; president of Franklin and Marshall college, Lancaster, Pa., 1877-'89, and editor of the Mercersburg Review and of the Reformed Church Quarterly, 1867-'98. He was a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Alliance at Belfast, Ireland, in 1884. He received the degrees Ph.D. from Lafayette in 1867, D.D. from Franklin and Marshall in 1868, and LL.D. from Lafayette in 1885. He died in Lancaster, Pa., Sept. 17, 1898.
APPLETON, Daniel, publisher, was born in Haverhill, Mass., Dec. 10, 1785, son of Daniel and Lydia (Ela) Appleton. He began his commercial career as clerk in a dry goods store and early established himself in the dry goods business in Haverhill and later in Boston. In 1825 he removed to New York city, and locating in Exchange Place opened an establishment for the sale of dry goods and books, in partnership with his brother-in-law, Jonathan Leavitt. In 1830 Mr. Leavitt withdrew from the concern, and William Henry, Mr. Appleton's eldest son, took his place as head of the book department. Later the dry goods business was abandoned, and Mr. Appleton removed to larger premises in Clinton Hall, corner of Beekman and Nassau streets, where he devoted his capital and energy to importing and selling books.
In 1830 he made his first venture as a publisher, and issued a volume three inches square, and a half inch thick, with 192 pages, entitled "Crumbs from the Master's Table," consisting of bible texts compiled by W. Mason. A copy of this book is preserved in the Appleton family. A still smaller volume, "Gospel Seeds," appeared in the following year, and was followed in 1833, the year of the cholera epidemic, by "A Refuge in Time of Plague and Pestilence." In 1838 Mr. Appleton visited Europe and established the London agency of the house at 16 Little Britain; he also purchased in Paris a number of rare illuminated missals and MSS. specimens of the work of the early monks, which were eagerly bought in America and afforded the firm a large profit. In 1838 William Henry Appleton was admitted to a partnership, and the firm became D. Appleton & Co., and removed to 200 Broadway. In 1840 they issued Tract No. 90 by Dr. Pusey, which was followed by the writings of Drs. Newman, Manning, Palmer, Maurice and others of the Oxford school. In 1848 Mr. Appleton retired, making the proviso that the official signature of the firm should remain Daniel Appleton & Co. A printing house and bindery were established by the firm in Franklin St., N. Y., in 1853. In 1857 the "New American Cyclopædia" was begun, the last volume being issued in 1863. The work proved a success, upwards of thirty thousand sets being sold. In 1868, owing to the increase of business, the mechanical departments were transferred to Brooklyn, where an immense block of buildings had been erected to accommodate them. In 1861 the first copy of "The Annual Cyclopædia" was issued, a volume appearing every year there-after, uniform in style and size with the American Cyclopædia, of which during the years 1873-'76 a revised edition was prepared with engravings and maps. "Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography," a valuable work of reference, in 6 vols., was commenced in 1886 and "Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia Revised" in 1893, in 8 vols. The wide range of books
