GADSDEN
GAGE
GADSDEN, Christopher Edwards, 4th bishop
of Soulii Carolma and oOtli in succession in the
American episcopate, was born in Charleston,
S.C., Nov. 25, 1785; grandson of Ciiristoplier Gads-
den, delegate to the Continental congress. He
was graduated at Yale in 1804, ordained a deacon
iii the Protestant Episcoi^al church in 1807, and
elevated to the priesthood in 1810. He was min-
ister in the parish of Berkeley S.C, 1808-10, as-
sistant rector of St. Philip's church, Charleston,
S.C, 1810-14, rector, 1814-39, and bishop of South
Carolina as successor to the Rt. Eev. Nathaniel
Bowen, deceased, 1840-53. He was consecrated
bishop in Trinity church, Boston, Mass., June
21, 1840, by Bishops Griswold, Doane, and Mc-
Coskry. South Carolina college gave him the
honorai'y degree of D.D. in 1815. He died in
Charleston. Hx'.. June 24, 1853.
QADSDEN, James, diplomatist, was born in Charleston, S.C, May 15, 1788; grandson of Chris- topher Gadsden, delegate to the Continental con- gress, 1774-76. He was graduated at Yale in 1806, receiving his M.A. degree hi 1815. He re- turned to Charleston where he engaged in com- mercial pursuits, and in 1813 joined the U.S. army as lieutenant-colonel of engineers. His services were of esisecial value and General Jack- son at the close of the war made him his aid as an expert in examining the forts and other mili- tary defences along the gulf coast and on the Texas frontier. In 1816 he was appointed by President Madison to review these examinations in company with Simon Bernard, lieutenant- general of engineers luider Napoleon, then '.' as- sistant in the corps of engineers of the United States with the rank of brigadier-general by brevet." The two officers did not agree in their conclusions, and Colonel Gadsden made a sepa- rate report. He was aide-de-camp to General Jackson in his campaign against the Seminole Indians, 1818, aiding in the capture of Arbuthnot and Ambrister, their reputed leaders, and he per- sonally intercepted the schooner bearing the cor- resjjondence that led to their execution. He was made inspector-general of the defences of the gulf, and in the afl'air at Pensacola, when General Jackson formally took possession of Florida he was instruniental in settling a dispute between Jackson and the Spanish governor. On retiring from the army in 1823 he was appointed adju- tant-general in the war department at the re- quest of Secretary of War Calhoun, but the senate refused to confirm the appointment. He remained in Florida as a planter and was elected to the legislative council of the territorj'. Presi- dent Monroe commissioned liim to remove tlie Seminole Indians from the northern to the south- ern part of Florida, and on this expedition he was the first white man to cross the peninsula
from the Atlantic to the Gulf and report the
topography of the region. He afterward re-
turned to his native city and engaged in com-
merce and rice-planting. He was elected to the
presidency of the South Carolina railroad. In
1853 President Pierce appointed him U.S. minis-
ter to Mexico, and on December 30 of that year,
he negotiated a treaty by which the United
States became possessed of the territory after-
ward included in Arizona and New Mexico, for
which §10,000,000 w^as to be paid. The U.S.
senate confirmed the purchase with such modifi-
cations as to oblige Gadsden to renew the negotia-
tions, which were iuterruiited by the revolution,
and in 1856 he was superseded by John Forsyth.
He died in Cliarleston, S.C, Dec. 35, 1858.
GAFFNEY, Margaret, See Haughery, Mar- garet Gatfney.
GAGE, Frances Dana (Barker), author, was born in Marietta, Oliio, Oct. 12, 1808; daughter of Col. Joseph and Elizabeth (Dana) Barker. Her father, a native of New Hampshire, was a pio- neer settler of Marietta, where she acquired her education. She was married in 1839 to James L. Gage, a lawyer practising at McConnellsville, Ohio, where she resided until 1853. She became interested in public affairs and lectured fre- quently on temperance, woman suffrage and anti- slavery. In 1853 she removed to St. Louis, Mo., where her advocacy of anti-slaveiy subjected her to various annoyances including the bui-ning of her home, three times, by incendiaries. She trav- elled in Cuba, St. Thomas and Santo Domingo, ia 1857-58, and subsequently returned to Ohio and engaged in journalism. During the civil war she I'endered invaluable service as a nurse, also devoting much time to instructing the freedmen. She was suijerinteudent of the refuge for freed- men at Paris Island, S.C, in 1863-64, and was an agent of the Sanitary commission at Memphis, Vicksburg and Natchez. A stroke of paralysis in 1867 compelled her to abandon the lecture platform. She was a frequent contributor to periodical literature under the pen-name '" Aunt Fanny." She published: Poems (1872); Elsie Magnon (1873); and Steps Ujnoard (1873). She died at Greenwicli. Conn., Nov. 10, 1884.
GAGE, Lyman Judson, cabinet officer, was born in Deruyter, N.Y., June 28, 1836; son of Eli A. and Mary (Judson) Gage; grandson of Justus Gage, and a descendant of Thomas ,Gage who came from England about 1640, and .settled at Yarmouth, or Cape Cod, Mass. His parents removed to Rome, N.Y., in 1848, where he attended the academy and in 1852 left school to take a position in the Rome postoffice. He was later appointed route agent on the Rome and Watertown railroad. In 1854 he became a clerk in the Oneida Central bank of Rome, and in 1855 he
