GOULD
GOULD
bis private expense, leaving it in 1859, after a
severe struggle to preserve it for purposes of
scientific investigation. About 1804 be built an
observatory at Cambridge and imtil 1867 carried
on a determination of the right ascensions of all
the stars to the tenth magnitude within one
degree of the pole. This work was completely
reduced, but the discussion and publication were
postponed by his removal in 18G5 to Cordoba,
S. A., where in 1870 he organized an observatory
under the auspices of the Argentine Republic,
meanwhile mapping out a large part of the
southern heavens, determining the climatic con-
ditions of South America, and establishing me-
teorological stations from the tropics to Terra del
Fuego on both coasts and across the entire con-
tinent. He returned to Cambridge in 1885. He
was vice-president of the American Academy of
arts and sciences; a charter member of the Na-
tional academy of sciences; a member of the
American association for the advancement of sci-
ence; and of the American philosophical society;
president of the Colonial society of Massacliusetts
from its organization in 1892; honorary professor
•of the University of the Argentine Republic; fel-
low of the University of Chile; of the Royal so-
ciety, London; the Royal meteorological society,
London; the Royal astronomical society, Lon-
don; the Academy of Science. Paris; the Im-
perial academy of science, St. Petersburg; the
Bureau des Longitudes, Paris; and of the As-
tronomiche Gesellschaft, Berlin. He received
the Watson medal of the National academy
of arts and sciences and the medal of the Roj-al
astronomical society. He was also knighted,
of the order Pour le mfirite, by the Emjieror of
Germany, a distinction which is exceedingly
rare. He received the degree of Ph.D. from
Gottingen in 1848; and the degree of LL.D. from
Harvard in 1885, and from Columbia in 1887. He
receiv'ed the gold medal of the Royal Astronom-
ical Society for his Vranomctria Argentina,
in 1883. He was married in ISGl, to Mary
Aptliorp, daughter of the Hon. Josiali and
Mary Jane Quincy; of their live children two
■were drowned in South America in 1874, Ben-
jamin Apthorp settled as a lawyer in New York
city; one daughter, Alice Baclie, engaged in matli-
ematical work and another daughter, Mary
Quincy, married Albert Tliorndike of Bo.ston.
Mrs. Gould died in 1883. He wrote iHvcstujatwn itf
the Orbit of the Comet V. ( 1847); Reports oh the Dis-
covery of the Planet Neptnne (18H0); Discrissions of
Observations made by the U.S. Astronomical Erpedi-
tion to Chill to determine the Solar ParaUax (1856);
Investigations in the Military and Anthropolof/iral
Statistics of American Soldiers (1869); The Trans-
Atlantic Longitude as determined by the Coast Sur-
vey (1869); Ancestry and Posterity of Zaccheus
Gould (1872; enlarged and reissued, 1895); Vrano-
metria Argentina {la^-i); Zone Catalogues contain-
ing 73,160 stars (1884) and General Catalogue of
33,448stars (1885). Dr. Gould died in Cambridge,
Mass., Nov. 36, 1896.
GOULD, Edward Sherman, author, was born in Litclitield, Conn., May 11, 1808; son of Judge James Gould. He removed to New York city and engaged in literary work, contributing to the Knickerbocker 3Iagazine; to the Literary World; to the Mirror; to Charles King's America, under the pen name of " Cassio "; and to several other periodicals. In 1836 he delivered a lectui'e before the New Y'ork mercantile library association, entitled, " American Criticism of American Lit- erature." In addition to translations from Dumas, Dupr6, Balzac, Victor Hugo, and A. Royer, he published: The Sleep liider; or, the Old Boy in the Omnibus, by the Man in the Claretcol- ored Coat (1842); an Abridgement of Alison's His- tory of Europe (1843); a comedy The Very Age (1850); John Doe and liichard Hoe (1862); Good English, or Popular Errors in Language (1867); Classical Elocution (1867); and a Supplement to Diiyckinrk's History of the Nero World (1871). He died in New York city, Feb. 21, 1885.
QOULD, Elgin Ralston Lovell, educator and financier, was born near Osliawa, Ontario, Can- ada, Aug. 15, 1860; son of John Thomas and Emily Adelaide (Cronk) Gould; and grandson of Joseph and Harriet (Lovell) Gould, who came from England to Delaware in the early part of the nineteenth cen- tury and later settled in Canada. On his maternal side he de- scended from the Cronk family, who came from Holland to Duchess county, N.Y., in the .seven- teenth century. He was gradu.ated in arts from Victoria univer- sity, Cobourg, in 1881, and in the same year went to Johns Hop- ^. /^^ )^ ^.^^^^ kins imiversity, Bal-
timore, entering upon postgraduate studies in history and economics. He was a fellow in that department, 1882-84. In 1887 he was appointed statistical expert in the U.S. department of labor, and lecturer upon social economics and statistics in the Johns Hopkins university. In 1888 he went abroad in charge of a commission of ex- perts to study and report upon comparative industrial conditions, the results of the inquiry being published in the 6th and 7th annual reports of the U.S. commissioner of labor. He returned
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