PINGREE
PINKERTON
was sent to England with his brother Charles
Cotesworth, in 1753, and attended Westminster
scliool and Oxford university. He studied law
in the Temple; was admitted to the bar in 1773,
and established himself in practice in Charleston,
S.C, in 1774. He joined the Continental army
on the outbreak of the Revolutionary war and
was commissioned lieutenant in 1775. He served
as aide-de-camp to Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, to
Count D'Estaing, and to Gen. Horatio Gates, and
was engaged in the siege of Savannah; the attack
upon Stono Ferry, and the battle of Camden, where
he was wounded and taken prisoner. When the
war ended he returned to his law practice in
Charleston. He was elected governor of South
Carolina in 1787, serving two years, and declined
the appointnaent of U.S. district judge in 1789.
He was a representative in the state legislatm-e
in 1791 and drafted the act establishing the state
court of equity. He was appointed by President
Washington the first U.S. minister to Great
Britain, 1792-96, and in 1794 was sent from
London to Spain, to arrange the treatj' of St.
Ildefonso by which the United States secured the
free navigation of the Mississippi river. He was
a Federalist candidate for president of the United
States in 1796 and received 59 electoral votes;
was a representative in the 6th congress, 1799-
1801; major-general in command of the 6th
military district, 1812-15, and took part in the
battle of Horseshoe Bend. He retired to private
life and succeeded his brother Gen. Charles
Cotesworth Pinckney as president-general of the
Society of the Cincinnati, serving 1825-29. He
was twice married: first, July 22, 1779, to Eliza-
beth, daughter of Jacob and Rebecca (Brewton)
Motte, and secondly, 1797, to her sister, Fanny
Middleton. He left two sons and two daughters.
One daughter married William Lowndes, the
statesman (q.v.); the other married Col. Fran-
cis Kinloch Huger (q.v.). He died in Charleston,
S.C, Nov. 2, 1828.
PINGREE, Hazen Smith, governor of Michi- gan, was born in Denmark, Maine, Aug. 30, 1840; sonof Jasper and Adeline (Bryant) Pingree, and a descendant of Moses and Abigail (Clement) Pingrey, Ipswich, 1641. He attended public schools, and was employed in a cotton fac- Itory in Saco. Me., and a shoe factory in Hopkinton, Mass., 1854-62. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the 1st Massachu- setts heavy artillery, and served with the Army of the Potomac until the close of the war. He was captured May 25. 1864, while on the road to Front Royal, Va. , was confined at Andersonville. Ga., Salisbury, N.C., and Millen, Ga. , May to November 1864, when he was ex- Y111. — 22
changed, returned to his regiment, and took part
in the expedition to the Weldon railroad and in
the battles of Boydton Road, Petersburg, Sailor's
Creek, Farmville, and Appomattox Court house.
He was mustered out in August, 1865, returned
to Detroit, Mich., and in December, 1866, estab-
lished with C. H. Smith the firm of Pingree &
Smith, boot and shoe manufacturers, and at the
time of his death the annual output of the busi-
ness exceeded $1 ,000,000. On Feb. 28. 1872, he was
married to Frances A. Gilbert of Mount Clemens,
Mich. He was elected mayor of Detroit, 1889-91-
93 and 95, serving, 1890-96. He advocated three-
cent street-car fare, and allotted to the poor of
the city vacant lands, on which he encouraged
them to plant and cultivate potatoes. He was
twice elected governor of Michigan by the Repub-
lican party, serving 1897-1900. He died in
London, England, June 18. 1901.
PINGREE, Samuel Everett, governor of Ver- mont, was born in Salisbury. N.H., Aug. 2, 1832; son of Stephen and Judith (True) Pingry; grand- son of William and Mary (Morrill) Pingree and of Benjamin True, and a descendant of Moses and Abigail (Clement) Pingrey. Moses emigrated from London, England, to America with his brother Aaron, and settled in Ipswich, Mass., about 1641, where he owned salt works, and was a deputy of the general court in 1665. Samuel E. Pingree was graduated at Dartmouth college, A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and practised in Hartford, Vt.. 1859-61. He enlisted as a private in the 3d Vermont volun- teers in 1861, shortly afterward reaching the rank of captain, and was severely wounded at Lee's Mills, Va. He was promoted major, Sept. 27, 1862; lieutenant-colonel Jan. 15, 1863, and commanded his regiment in the 2d brigade, 2d division, 6th army corps in the Chancellorsville campaign. He was mustered out of the service July 27, 1864, and resumed practice at Hartford, Vt. He was a delegate to the Republican national convention of 1868, and state's attorney for Windsor county, 1868-69. He was married, Sept. 15, 1869, to Lydia M., daughter of Sanford and Mary (Hinman) Steele of Stanstead, P.Q. He was lieutenant-governor of Vermont, 1882-84; governor, 1884-86; and chairman of the state railway commission from its establishment in 1886 to 1894.
PINKERTON, Allan, detective, was born in the Gorbals, Glasgow, Scotland, Aug. 25, 1819; son of AVilliam Pinkerton, a sergeant of police in Glasgow. He received a limited education, and learned the cooper's trade. In 1838 he be- came active in the chartist movement, and in the troubles which followed fled to Canada in 1842, in the same year settling in Chicago, 111. He removed to Dundee, III., in 1843, where
