RAUM
RAVENEL
of bettering their sanitary condition. He was
president of the American Public Health asso-
ciation in 1876 ; first president of the Illinois
state board of health, 1877, and its secretary,
1878-80. His interest in the yellow fever epi-
demic of 1878-79 resulted in the formation of
the sanitary council of the Mississippi Valley,
and the establishment of the river-inspection
service of the national board of health in 1879,
and he also investigated the relation of small-
pox to foreign immigration. He was a member
of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science ; of the American Social Science
association, and one of the Agassiz memorial
committee. He is the author of : Intramural
Interments and their Influence on Health and
Epidemics (186(}) ; Practical Recommendations
for the Exclusion and Prevention of Asiatic
Cholera in North America (1884); monographs
on sanitary science and preventive medicine,
and Reports of the Illinois state board of health.
He died in Chicago, 111., March 24. 1894.
RAUM, Green Berry, soldier and representa- tive, was born inGolconda, 111., Dec. 3, 1829 ; son of John and Juliet C. (Feild) Raum ; grandson of Melchoir and Mary (King) Raum, and of Green B. and Mary Elenor (Cogswell) Feild ; and great- grandson of Conrad (who emigrated from Alsace to Pennsylvania, landing at Philadelpliia in April, 1742) and Catherine (Weiser) Rahm, and of Dr. Joseph (a native of Connecticut, and of English descent) and Frances (Mitchel) Cogswell. He was educated in the common schools and by tutors, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He practised law in Golconda, 1853-56 ; in Kansas, wliere he was a member of the free state party, 1856-57, and in 1857 located in Harrisburg, 111. He was married, Oct. 16, 1851, to Maria, daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Daily ) Field of Golconda. He was alternate delegate to the Democratic nationa convention which met in Charleston, S.C., April 23, 1860, and in Baltimore, Md., June 18, 1860,1 and which nominated Stephen A, Douglas for President ; made the tirst war speech in soutiiern Illinois, at Metropolis, after the fall of Foit Sumter, April 23, 1861, and entered the Federal volunteer army as major of the 56th Illinois volunteers. He served under Gen. William S. Rosecrans in the Army of the Mississippi, as lieutenant-colonel, commanding the 56th Illinois in the 2d brigade, 3d division, where he led a successful bayonet charge in the battle of Corinth. Oct. 4, 1862. He served under Grant in the Army of the Mississippi as colonel of his regiment and commanded the 2d brigade in the 7th divi- sion, 17th corps, in the Vicksburg campaign. May 1-July 4. 1863, and in the Chattanooga campaign, Nov. 23-25, 1863, being severely wounded at Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. He took part
in the Atlanta campaign and held the line of
communication from Dalton to Acwortli and from
Kingston to Rome, Ga. ; discovered and defeated
General Wheeler's raid, and re-inforced Resaca
at night against General Hood in October, 1864.
He was promoted brevet brigadier-general and
brigadier-general ; was on Sherman's march to
the sea, and with the assembling of his army
in South Carolina, and ended his military service
by commanding a brigade in the veteran corps
under General Hancock at Winchester, Va. He
resigned his commission, May 6, 1865. and en-
gaged in railroading as first president and builder
of the Cairo and Vincennes railroad company in
1866. He was a Republican representative from tlie
thirteenth Illinois district in the 40th congress.
1867-69. and defeated for the 41st congress in
1868 ; was president of the Illinois Republican
convention of 1866, and temporary president of
the state convention of 1876. and a delegate to the
Republican national convention at Cincinnati,
Ohio, the same year. He was president of the
Illinois Republican convention in 1880, and a
delegate at-large to the Republican national con-
vention, and was one of the '"loyal 306" who
supported General Grant for the presidential
nomination. He served as U.S. commissioner of
internal revenue, 1876-83 ; practised law in
Washington, D.C., 1883-89; was U.S. commis-
sioner of pensions, 1889-93. and subsequently
engaged in the practice of law in Chicago. He
is the author of : TJte Existing Conflict beticeen
Republican Government and Sotithem Oligarchy
(1884); History of Blinois Repid)licanism (1900);
History of the War for the Union, and of official
reports on pensions and contributions to current
magazines.
RAVENEL, Henry William, botanist, was born in St. John's parish. Berkeley district, S.C., May 19, 1814. He was graduated at South Caro- lina college, Columbia, S.C, A.B., 1832, A.M., 1835 ; engaged in planting. 1832-53. and removed to Aiken, S.C, in 1853. He made a study of the pha^nogams, mosses, lichens, algae and fungi of South Carolina, and discovered a few new phaeno- gams. He was botanist of the government commission sent to Texas to investigate the cattle disease in 1869, and botanist to the department of agriculture of South Carolina. He received the degree LL.D. from the University of Nortii Carolina in 1886. His name is perpetuated in the genus Ravenelia of the Uredineae and by many species of cryptogams which he discovered. He was agricultural editor of the Weekly Netcs and Courier ; published many botanical papers, and is the author of : Fungi Caroliniani Exsiceati, (5 vols.. 1853-60) ; and Fungi Americani Exsiceati, with Mordecai C. Cooke of London (^ vols., 1878-82). He died in Aiken, S.C, July 17, 1887.
