ZAH.M
ZEXGER
z.
ZAHM, John Augustine, theolofrian and
scientist, was born near New Lexington, Perry
county, Ohio, June 14. l!:*")!; son of Jacob Michael
and Mary Ellen (Braddock) Zahin; grandson of
Nicholas and Elizjibetli (Gerhart) Zalnu and of
John and Elizabeth Storm (Malone) Braddock.
John Braddock was a son of Michael Braddock,
a brother of the British general, Edward Brad-
dock. Michael Braddock was born in 1705, came
to this country in 175"). settled in Hagerstown,
Md.. and afterward moved toLoretto. Pa., where
he died in ISl.j at the advanced age of 110 years.
His son. John Braddock, moved to Ohio in 1837.
John A. Zahm attended the public schools and
was graduated from the University of Notre
Dame, Ind., in 1871. He was professor of physics
at Notre Dame, 1872-74; director of the depart-
ment of science, 1874-96, and vice-president of
the university, 1876-77 and 1884-92. He traveled
in America. Europe. Asia and Africa, and in the
South Sea islands, for tiie purpose of scientific
research, 1882-94. He was invited to Rome in
1896, as procurator-general of the Congregation
of the Holy Cross, and was the first American
admitted to the Societe Franqaise de Physique.
He was a delegate to the International Catholic
Scientific Congress at Brussels, in 1894, and later
became.president of the congress for America and
in 1897 president of the section of anthropology.
He returned to America in 1898, having been ap-
pointed provincial-general of the Congregation
of the Holy Cross. The honorary degree of Ph.D.
was conferred on him by Pope Leo XIII.. in 1895.
He was elected a member of several learned so-
cieties, was a frequent contributor to magazines
and reviews, and a popular lecturer on scientific
topics. He was the founder of Holy Cross col-
lege, Washington, D.C., and during the years
1897-1903 became distinguished for his activity
in educational work, and for the erection of a
large number of collegiate buildings in various
parts of the L'nited States. He is the author of:
Sotnid and Mi{.<tic (1892); Catholic Science and
Catholic Scientists (1893); Scientific Theory and
Catholic Doctrine (1895); Bible Science and
Faith (1895): Evolution and Dogma (1896); Science
and the Church i\xW).
ZALINSKI, Edmund Lewis Gray, soldier and inventor, was born in Kurnich, Prussian Poland, Dec. 13. 1845. He emigrated to the United States with his parents iu 1853, and attended the com- mon schools of Seneca Falls, N.Y., and the Syra- cuse high school, 1861-63. He went to the field during the civil war and served as a volunteer aide-de-camp to Gen. Nelson A. Miles in 1S04. He was commissioned 2d lieutenant, 2d N.Y. heavy artillery, for gallantry at the l)attle of
Hatcher's Run, Va., Feb. 23, 1865; was mustered
out of the volunteer service, Sept. 29, 1865; ap-
pointed 2d lieutenant, 5th U.S. artillery, Feb. 23,
1866, and 1st lieutenant. Jan. 1. 1867. He was
professor of military science at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 1872-76. He was mar-
ried, Oct. 17, 1877, to Anna, daughter of Peter
Cliardon and Anna (Swan) Hall of Medford, Mass.
He was promoted captain. 5th U.S. artillery. Dec.
9, 1887; was graduated from the U.S. Artillery
school. Fort:Monroe. Ya., in 1880. and from the
School of Submarine Mining. Willet's Point. N.Y.,
July, 1880. He devoted himself to the develop-
ment of a pneumatic dynamite torpedo gun in
1883, which was perfected in 1889, and was also
concerned in the design of the U.S. dynamite
cruiser Vesuvius. His inventions include an in-
trenching tool; a ramrod bayonet; a telescopic
sight for artillery, and a system of range and
position finding for sea coast and artillery firing.
He was on garrison duty at San Francisco. 1891-
94, and was retired, Feb. 3, 1894. He was made
a member of the Century association, the Union
League club of New York and of other clubs.
ZARDETTI, John Joseph Frederic Otto, R.C. bishop, was born in Rorsbach. St. Gall, Switzerland, Jan. 24, 1847. He attended the Jesuit college at Feldkirch. and the University of Innsbruck; and was ordained priest, Aug. 21, 1870, at Trent, Switzerland, by Bishop Benedict de Riccobone. He was professor in the seminary of St. George; honorary canon in the Abbey of St. Maurice, and went to England, where, in 1876, he was appointed a member of the cathedral chapter, and custodian of the Cathedral of St. Gall. He visited America in 1879 and removed to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1881, becoming professor of dogmatic theologj- at St. Francis's seminary. He was vicar-general to Bishop Marty of Dakota, 1887-89, and on the establishment of the diocese of St. Cloud, Minn., was consecrated bishop in Einsiedeln, Switzerland, Oct. 20. 1889. by Arch- bishop Heiss, assisted by Monseigneur Greith and the Bishop of Basel, Switzerland, becoming first titular bishop of the see of St. Cloud. He was translated to the see of Bucharest. Roumania, in December, 1894. and on June 3, 1897. was ap- pointed a consultor of the congregation of extraor- dinary ecclesiastical affairs. He wrote: Pius the Grrat (1871): Drrotinns to the Holy Ghost (1888).
ZENQER, John Peter, printer, was born in Germany about 1680. He emigrated to America about 1700 and was apprenticed in the printing office of William Bradford. In November. 1733, lie began the publication of the New York Weekly Journal, and through its columns, attacked Gov. William Crosby and his council with great
