OPEN LETTER TO POPE LEO XHI. 11
It must not lead men into temptation, by requiring trivial oaths, by making it profitable to lie, to swear falsely, to bribe or to take bribes.
It must not confuse the distinctions of right and wrong, and weaken the sanctions of religion and the state by creating crimes that are not sins, and punishing men for doing what in itself they have an undoubted right to do.
It must not repress industry. It must not check com- merce. It must not punish thrift. It must offer no impediment to the largest production and the fairest division of wealth.
Let me ask your Holiness to consider the taxes on the processes and products of industry by which through the civilized world public revenues are collected the octroi duties that surround Italian cities with barriers; the monstrous customs duties that hamper intercourse between so-called Christian states; the taxes on occupa- tions, on earnings, on investments, on the building of houses, on the cultivation of fields, on industry and thrift in all forms. Can these be the ways God has intended that governments should raise the means they need? Have any of them the characteristics indispensable in any plan we can deem a right one ?
All these taxes violate the moral law. They take by force what belongs to the individual alone ; they give to the unscrupulous an advantage over the scrupulous; they have the effect, nay are largely intended, to increase the price of what some have to sell and others must buy ; they corrupt government; they make oaths a mockery; they shackle commerce; they fine industry and thrift; they lessen the wealth that men might enjoy, and enrich some by impoverishing others.
Yet what most strikingly shows how opposed to Chris- tianity is this system of raising public revenues is its influence on thought.
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