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16
PASSERES.
b6. |
Nostrils bare or merely overhung by hairs or plumelets.
|
d7. |
Rictal bristles always present.
|
a8. |
Inner and hind toe very unequal
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|
Sittidæ. |
b8. |
Inner and hind toe equal.
|
a9. |
Wing rounded, tarsus long and strong
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|
Timaliidæ. |
b9. |
Wing more pointed, tarsus less strong and long
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Pycnonotidæ. |
e7. |
Rictal bristles absent.
|
c8. |
Tail-feathers stiff and pointed
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|
Certhiidæ. |
d8. |
Tail-feathers soft and rounded
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|
Troglodytidæ. |
b5. |
Plumage of nestling mottled or
squamated.
|
c6. |
Nostrils not covered by any hairs.
|
f7. |
Rictal bristles absent
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|
Cinclidæ. |
g7. |
Rictal bristles present
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|
Turdidæ. |
d6. |
Nostrils more or less covered by
hairs
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|
Muscicapidæ. |
c5. |
Plumage of nestling cross-barred.
|
e6. |
Folded wings not reaching beyond middle of tail.
|
h7. |
Shafts of rump-feathers soft
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Laniidæ. |
i7. |
Shafts of rump-feathers spinous
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|
Campephagidæ. |
f6. |
Folded wings reaching to tip of
tail
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|
Artamidæ. |
d5. |
Plumage of nestling spotted with white
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|
Dicruridæ. |
e5. |
Plumage of nestling like the adults, but brighter
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|
Sylviidæ. |
f5. |
Plumage of nestling like the adults, but paler
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|
Regulidæ. |
g5. |
Plumage of nestling streaked.
|
g6. |
Rictal bristles present.
|
j7. |
Nostrils covered with hairs
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|
Irenidæ. |
k7. |
Nostrils quite exposed.
|
e8. |
First primary at least half length of second
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|
Oriolidæ. |
f8. |
First primary less than half second
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|
Eulabetidæ. |
h6. |
Without rictal bristles
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Sturnidæ. |
b4. |
Nostrils pierced, partly within line of forehead and nearer culmen than commissure
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|
Ploceidæ. |
b3. |
Wing with nine primaries, the 10th obsolete.
|
c4. |
Bill conical, pointed and entire, the longest secondaries reaching to a point midway between the middle and top of wing
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|
Fringillidæ. |
d4. |
Bill long, slender and notched, the longest secondaries reaching almost to tip of wing
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|
Motacillidæ. |
e4. |
Bill flat, broad and notched, the longest secondaries reaching to the middle of wing
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Hirundinidæ. |