inches long and 4·25 broad. It is just possible that two distinguishable forms, a larger and a smaller, are indicated by these measurements.
Distribution. The pig-tailed Monkey is found throughout a great part of Tenasserim, although apparently not common, except in the extreme south of the province—a circumstance that probably explains why the occurrence of M. nemestrinus in Southern Burma has been generally overlooked. There is, however, a skeleton in the British Museum (the old female of which the skull-measurements are given above) sent by Major Bingham from Meplay valley, Thoungyeen river, and a skull presented by Dr. Oldham from Mergui. Tickell, too, in his MS. notes, records and describes specimens from Yé; and Mr. W. Davison tells me that the species is common about Malewani and Bankasun. The pig-tailed Monkey is not found north of Tenasserim, but extends south into the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.
Habits. The pig-tailed Monkey in Tenasserim, according to Tickell, frequents thick jungle about the base of the hills. The voice and manners are similar to those of M. rhesus. When the animal is excited the tail is held in the form of an S. In Sumatra M. nemestrinus is said by Sir S. Raffles to be peculiarly docile, and to be trained to climb the cocoa-nut trees and gather nuts for its master. This can only apply to females and young animals; old males are very savage, and they are formidable animals from their size and strength.
The period of gestation in this species has been ascertained to be 7 months and 20 days.
9. Macacus cynomolgus. Macaque, or crab-eating Monkey.
- Simia cynomolgus, Schreb. Säugth. i, p. 91, pl. xiii (fig. Buffon), nec Linn.
- Macacus irus, F. Cuv. Mém. Mus. iv, p. 120 (1818).
- Macacus carbonarius, F. Cuv. Hist. Nat. Mam. pl. xxxii (1825); Blyth, Cat. p. 9.
- Macacus aureus, Is. Geoffr. Voy. Bél., Zool. p. 58.
- Macacus cynomolgus, Blyth, Cat. p. 9; id. Mam. Birds Burma, p. 7; Anderson, An. Zool. Res. p. 73; id. Cat. p. 61.
Myouk-ta-nga, Burmese; Ta-o-tan, Tavoy and Arakan; Kamui-awut, Talain; Da-ouk, Sha-ok-li, Karen; Kru, Malay.
Fur of moderate length and nearly straight. Hair of the crown not lengthened, and usually directed backwards, but occasionally radiating somewhat irregularly from one or more centres, or forming a rudimentary crest. Tail nearly as long as the head and body. Caudal vertebræ 22.
Skull long and low, with the muzzle produced, and the orbits much broader than high.
Colour. The general tint of the upper surface varies from dusky or greyish brown to rufous or golden brown in different individuals; lower parts light greyish brown to nearly white. The hair of the
