Page:The Forgotten in the Independence Process.pdf/5

Lucia Maria Bastos Pereira das Neves The forgotten in the independence process: a history to be made

Almanack, Guarulhos, n. 25, ef00220, 2020 http://doi.org/10.1590/2236-463325ef00220

light in that period was the work of Manuel de Oliveira Lima^[1], initiated by the return of D. João and the ‘causes and effects of the Portuguese Revolution of 1820’ and ended with the coronation of D. Pedro and the intrigues and plots between the groups of José Bonifácio and Gonçales Ledo. Despite using a detailed and erudite narrative but a ‘narrative in its best sense’ - a rare phenomenon in Brazilian historiography, under the view of Evaldo Cabral de Mello^[2] - and based on rigorous documentary criticism from still unexplored sources from foreign archives as well as in letters exchanged between D. Pedro and his father in the sessions of the Lisbon Court, travellers, periodicals and pamphlets, Oliveira Lima was a pioneer by demonstrating the importance of studying the brazilian history in coordination, harmony and even confrontation with the histories of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire with American neighbors, Spain and Portuguese Africa^[3].

It also innovated by seeking to go beyond narration, seeking a procedural vision of Independence in which structures and events were mixed^[4]. Malgré tout, individuals did not fail to make themselves present as those largely responsible for the Independence: the pers-

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1. LIMA, Manuel de Oliveira. O Movimento da Independência (1821-1822). São Paulo: Melhoramentos Publisher, 1922. See chapters I and XXI. This work was criticized in many aspects at the time by Capistrano de Abreu; cf. letter of August 3rd, in ABREU, Capistrano de. Correspondência de Capistrano de Abreu. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1977. v. 2. It was also criticized at the celebration of the 150 years of the Independence by RODRIGUES, José Honório. Independência: revolução e contrarrevolução: as Forças Armadas no Rio de Janeiro. Publisher Livraria Francisco Alves S.A., 1975. p. 16.
2. MELLO, Evaldo Cabral de. Prefácio. In: LIMA, Manuel de Oliveira. O Movimento da Independência: 1821-1822. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks, 1997. p. 11-16. Last phrase p. 16.
3. LIMA, Alceu de Amoroso. O Jornal. Rio de Janeiro, n. 1247, 4 feb. 1923. Available in: https://bit.ly/3dfGTLW. Accessed in Dec 20, 2019. Part of this article appears in the bookflap of LIMA, Manuel de Oliveira. O Movimento da Independência: 1821-1822. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks, 1997.
4. For the writing analysis of the history in Oliveira Lima, cf. KÄFER, Eduardo Luis Flach. Entre memória e história: a historiografia da Independência nos cem anos de emancipação. 2016. Dissertation (Master in History) - Escola de Humanidades, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2016. Available in: https://bit.ly/30V4Ndd. Accessed in Jan 30th, 2020.