made an illumination, saying: 'Since the light of intelligence is gone, let us make an illumination of material matter.' How thin this excuse is, is shown by the fact that the celebrations seem, despite the protests of the stricter Jaina, to be more concerned with the worship of money than with the passing of Mahāvīra. On the first day (Dhanateraśa) the Śvetāmbara women polish their jewellery and ornaments in honour of Lakṣmī, on the second (Kālīċaudaśa) they propitiate evil spirits by placing sweetmeats at cross-roads, and on the third (Amāsa) all Jaina worship their account-books—Śāradā pūjā. A Brahman is called who writes Śrī (i. e. Lakṣmī) on the account-books over and over again in such a way as to form a pyramid. The priest then performs Lakṣmī pūjā, the oldest obtainable rupee and the leaf of a creeper being placed on an account-book, and also a little heap of rice, pān, betel-nut and turmeric, and in front of it a small lamp filled with burning camphor is waved, and the book is then marked with red powder. No one closes the account-book for several hours, and when they do so, they are careful to say: 'A hundred thousand profits.'
Full-
moon
fasts. Perhaps the full-moon fasts also bear witness to Hindu influence; at any rate these days are carefully observed by the Jaina. The great religious excitement of the community is found in going on pilgrimages, and on the full-moon days that fall in October–November (Kārttikī punema), or in April–May (Ċaitrī punema), they try if possible to visit Śatruñjaya. On the other full-moon days, which fall in the spring and summer, they fast and hear special sermons, but the summer full-moon day (Aṣāḍhī punema) is one to which the ascetics pay special attention, for wherever they spend that day, there they must remain till the rainy season is over.
Jñāna
pañ-
ċamī. In connexion with the antiquity of the Jaina scriptures it is interesting to notice that once a year a fast is observed called Jñāna pañċamī, on which day all Jaina sacred books
