morfological connection between these two types in I. E. is everywhere such that the third plural of the present in -nti minus the i is the stem of the participle (φέροντι : φέροντ-). The explanation of -zi thru palatalization, therefore, leaves za unexplained. We encounter the same difficulty several times more: zig is assumed to be the word for ‘thou’, where both the z and the i are difficult (comparison with Gr. σύ-γε is a whitened sepulchre). The assumed root ad ‘eat’ shows the forms ezzazi, ezzazzi, ‘he eats’; ezzateni ‘ye eat’; ezzaten, ezaten, ‘eat ye’; and ezzai, ‘he eats’, flanked by adanzi, ‘they eat’, and adanza, ‘eating’. Disturbingly the same type of participle papranza, ‘cooking’, occurs also as paprandaza (p. 83), and furthermore the whole class is supposed to have passive, as well as active value. As inspection narrows down to the two elements zi and za, there steals upon me the sense of the presence of two particles, post-positive conglutinates, adverbial, deictic, or localizing, and this impression is not weakened by the apparent existence of an infinitive-supine in -wanzi, -uwanzi, which interchanges with a parallel form without -zi, e. g. šu-ma-aš wa-al-ah-hu-wa-an-zi u-iz-zi ‘he comes to annihilate you’, and bi-eš-ki-u-wa-an ti-i-ia-u-e-ni ‘we come to furnish (cavalry)’; see p. 91. It is barely possible that Hittite interpretation will have to contend sooner or later with a different theory, according to which it is not inflectional at all, in the sense of I. E., or even Shemitic. It may be a language which has no morfology in the sense to which we are accustomed, but rather carries on its correlations by means of deictic, modifying, allusive particles of great mobility and freedom of position. I recommend the inspection of the element za in a variety of other connections, particularly as imbedded in long groups of other particles: ZAG -za, ‘to the right side’ (which, by the way, varies with ZAG -az); see pp. 4, 11, 13, etc.; nu-za, and nu-za-kan, ‘now then’; ma-ah-ha-an-ma-za-kan, ‘when further for me’; am-mu-ug-ma-za, am-mu-ug-wa-za, am-mu-uk-ka-za, ‘I further’, and ‘me further’; see za in the Index to the Grammar, particularly pp. 102, 106.
The present indicative of yami as given above is not the only type of present inflection in the singular. There is another, about as glaringly different as can be imagined, in which the three singular forms are represented by dāhhi, ‘I give’, datti or daitti, ‘thou givest’, and dai, ‘he gives’. Many verbs show freely forms of both types. Thus arnumi, ‘I bring’ makes its second
