VILGIRI STATE. 325 former has been already referred to; the latter, founded in memory of the first Commissioner, is an efficient middle-class school. The total number of institutions (including the vernacular schools) was 45 in 1882-83, with 1869 pupils; expenditure thereon, $13,354. The Census of 1SSi returned 1765 (of whom +13 were girls) as under instruction. Medical Aspects.--Situated as the Nilgiris arc, at an average elevation of 6000 feet; equidistant from two seas; sharing two monsoons; and isolated from mountains of similar height, they possess a climate which, for equability of temperature, for mildly invigorating qualities, for great salubrity, and for immunity from the disturbing influences common to the climate of most hill stations, is almost unrivalled within the tropics. The average temperature deduced from the mean of twenty-five months has been fixed at 58° F. The hottest scason is in April and May, but its occurrence depends upon the character and period of setting in of the south-west monsoon. The extreme range of temperature, from sunrise to 2. P. M., averages commonly 16° F. throughout the year. In 1881, the maximum at Wellington was Sɔ:lo, and the minimum 37'3. The mean temperature in that year wus 61°. The rainfall at Wellington in the same year was 48:46. The average annual rainfall for seven years ending 18SI was 45 inches. The year before 1981, however, there was an average fall over the District of 70 inches. There are only two dispensaries in the District --at Utakamand and Coonoor. The European population suffer chiefly from fevers and rheumatism, [For further information regarding the Nilgiri Hills, and the tribes inhabiting the tract, see the Manual o Vilgiri District, by H. B. Grigg, Esq., C.S. (Government Press, Jadras, 1980). Also An Account of the Primitive Tribes and Jonuments of the Nilgiris, by the late J. 11, Breeks, Esq., C.S. (Allen & Co., London, 1873); the Madras Census Report for 1881; and the several annual Administration and Departmental Reports of the Madras Government.] Nilgiri.-- Native State of Orissa, Bengal, lying between 21° 18'50" and 21° 37' x. lat., and between 86° 29' and 86° 51' 30" E. long Area, 278 square miles. Bounded on the north and west by the State of Morbhanj, and on the east and south by: Balasor District. One-third of the area consists of uncultivated mountain land; one-third of waste jungle; and the remaining third is under cultivation. Valuable quarries of black stone are worked, from which are made cups, bowls, platters, etc. Population in 1881, 50,972, nanely, 43,905 Hindus, 32 Musalmáns, 36 Christians, 633 Santáls, and 6366 non-Hindu aboriginal tribes, namely Bhúmijs. The total number of villages was returned at 2.48. The capital and residence of the Rájá is situated in lat. 21° 27' 20" v., and long. 86° 48'41" E. The State yields a revenue
