382 NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH. pomegranate (Punica granatum), melon (Cucumis melo). The vegetables most generally cultivated are the following :-Potato (Solanum tuberosum), very largely grown in both hills and plains; carrot (Daucus carota), universally grown in the plains during the cold weather; onion (Allium cepa); cucumber (Cucumis sativus); garlic (Allium sativum); turmeric (Curcuma longa), very common in the lower hills, where it forms an important crop; capsicums; gourds of many kinds; egg plant. Irrigation. — The following is a list of the eleven systems of irrigation works which have been undertaken by the Government in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh up to 1883-84:-(1) Ganges Canal, (2) Lower Ganges Canal, (3) Eastern Jumna Canal, (4) Agra Canal, (5) Dún Canals, (6) Rohilkhand and Bijnaur Canals, (7) Bundelkhand Lakes, (8) Bundelkhand Irrigation Survey, (9) Sardah Canal, (10) Cawppur Branch of the Lower Ganges Canal, and (11) Betwa Canal. The first four systems are classed as productive public works ;' the following six as 'irrigation and navigation works not classed as productive;' and the last as a work of 'famine relief and insurance.' Of the eleven works named, the first seven are in full operation. Up to the close of the official year 1877–78, the total capital charges of all kinds amounted to £5,673,400; the total charge for interest in that year was £241,197, while the net income was £,294,152, thus showing an actual profit of £52,955. But against this there must be set a sum of £637,826, representing accumulated excess of interest charges over revenue. Up to the close of 1883-84, the total capital charges of all kinds amounted to £7,153,247; the total charge for interest in that year was £245,002, while the net income was £420,716, thus showing an actual profit of £175,714. The enhancement to land revenue was £97,963; and deducting some miscellaneous charges, the net profit to the State from irrigation works in 1883-84 was £257,128. Against this there must be set £178,939 for accumulated excess of interest charges over revenue. The Eastern Ganges Canal has been definitely abandoned, after an expenditure of £27,000; the Bundelkhand Surveys, with an expenditure of £17,322, and the Lower Ganges Canal, upon which £2,678,869 has been spent, have only of recent years be yield a return. The large undertaking known as the Lower Ganges Canal has, since 1880, paid over 4 per cent. on the capital outlay. Upon the systems in operation, the total capital outlay is (1884) £7,153,247, and it is upon this sum that the following figures are calculated. Total gross revenue in 1883–84, £643,474, of which £548,411 was derived from actual water rates, and £94,963 from enhanced land revenue; total working expenses, £222,758, leaving a net profit of £420,716, or 5-8 per cent on the capital expenditure ;
