530 PAIVAM-PAITHAV. near the left bank of the Gogra river, and 44 miles south-south-east of Gorakhpur town. Population (1872) 5331 ; (1881) 6642, namely, Hindus 6127, and Muhammadans 515. Area of town site, 76 acres. Many of the villagers are boatmen who live by conveying traffic along the Ghágra, between Barhaj and Patná. But the chief castes are Rajputs and Ahírs. During the Mutiny the landholders plundered a Government commissariat train, in punishment for which the village was confiscated and bestowed on the loyal Rájá of Majhauli. Painam.- Village in Dacca District, Bengal.---See SONARGAON. Páinda.-Offshoot of the Surmá river, in the east of Sylhet District, Assam ; navigable for boats of 4 tons burthen throughout the year. Paingangá.--River of Berar.--See PENGANG.A. Paing-kyun (Paing-kyo011).-Creek uniting the Pegu and Sittaung rivers, Lower Burma. Formerly very tortuous, and about 33 miles long, it has been generally deepened, and various cuttings made, so that its length has been reduced to 18 miles. Before the new canal to Nyitkyo was opened, the Paing-kyun formed a portion of the main route from Rangoon to Taung-ngu, Paintepur.-Town in Sítápur District, Oudh; situated about 3 mil west of the high road from Bahramghat to Sítápur town. Lat. 27° 16' 40" N., long. 81° 13' 20" E. Said to have been founded about 300 years ago by one Paint Pál, an Ahban chief of Maholi, and to have been named after him. Population (1881) 5199, namely, Hindus, 2433 ; Muhammadans, 2665; and Jains, 101. A flourishing town, with a large community of bankers and merchants, Market twice a week; Government school. Paithan. -- Town in Aurangabad District, Haidarábád State (Nizam's Dominions), Deccan, Southern India. Situated on the left or north bank of the Godavari river, about 30 miles south of Aurangabad town. Population (1881) 10,874. Paithan is one of the oldest cities in the Deccan, but no authentic record exists regarding its foundation. It was at onc period the capital of the Shatakami or Andhrabhritya dynasty, which about B.C. 130 to about A.D. 180 seems to have ruled the Deccan; at times their power extended right across India from Sopára in Thána to Dharnikot, near the mouth of the Kistna. Paithan is believed to be the Paithan known to Ptolemy and to the author of the Periplus. The present town occupies but a small portion of the site of the ancient city; the ground to the cast is covered with mounds of ruins. The town contains a number of Hindu temples, some of which are decorated with exquisitely carved wood-work. The silk looms of Paithan were once famous throughout the Deccan; and their productions fetched fabulous prices. Some exceedingly good work is still turned out; but the demand having decreased of late years, the out-turn is small. A remarkable sect of religious mendicants, known as Mangbhaus, was founded at
