BARODA. the cultivator
165
not usually interfered with as long as he pays his
is
revenue.
The prevailing tenure is rayatwdr'i, where the State collects the revenue without the intervention of a third party. The varieties of this tenure are three rst, When the collection is made in cash assessed
—
on each prevalent measure of land, such as the bighd ; 2nd, When it is made in kind, according to a fixed share of the produce 3rd, When it is made in cash at a certain rate per plough. There are other varieties of assessment adopted over an insignificant area of land among primitive communities, such as assessment by pickaxe. The old system of farming out villages and entire districts has been abolished, except in some exceptional cases. A permanent assessment has been granted to
a few villages.
In cases where the State levies
its
assessments in kind,
fixed beforehand for every class of crop, the
much
is
yielding a
larger share than the cold-season crops, which, again,
pay more
do on
irrigation.
than those of the hot season, depending as these
last
Besides the share in kind, a small rate in cash estimated area of each
holding,
always in favour of the cultivator. ties
share
its
monsoon crops
which
The
is
is
charged on the
often miscalculated, but
State also levies small quanti-
of the produce as contributions towards the expenses of the village,
etc.
The produce
is
either estimated as
actually weighed in the village barnyard,
collected into storehouses
The plough
and sold by
it
stands in the
field,
and the State share
is
or
is
then
officials.
assessment, prevalent in
the eastern
of the
Districts
Navsari (southern) Division, and also in one Sub-division in the central Division inhabited by Bhils and other primitive communities,
—A
is
as
one plough worked by two oxen, and increased if more than two pairs are employed, so that 3 oxen equal plough ; there is no limit to the amount of land the plough may be follows
rate
is
fixed for
passed over. Besides the above, the other prevailing custom, xhenarrud,
sum
assessed on the village from time to time according to
is
its
a
lump
capabili-
settlement is made with the narwdddrs or superior holders, most cases are the descendants of men who established or peopled the village. The founders originally divided the lands and the ties.
who
The
in
village site
stances
work
among themselves according
afterwards they separately
in their respective lands,
the village.
These are now
and
to the exigency of the circum-
and gradually
invited cultivators to
to live in their respective shares of
in law tenants-at-will
but the State would
probably not suffer an old-established tenant to be ousted as a mere tenant-at-will
might be, though, as a rule, no interference is exercised, realize what he pleases from his tenants. The
and the narwdddr may
fruit-trees, grazing, etc.,
often yield a large additional profit, which
is
