310
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
this South Indian dialect is worth notice, as he is said to have been a native of the South."
The
passages which follow are from the annotations on sātra 10th of the 3rd pāda of the first lecture,
and the subject of discussion is:—
à sat a afāzī, ‘Tºšāāſūait āniāsāāſāīsāīāſār āſā ſafarāI.
[Oct. 4, 1872.
The first word chor, is the Tamil coru, and
means(as Kumārila states)“boiled rice;’n a der =way, is the Tamil n a dai ; so pämpf =snake, is perfectly correct, and āl=person,t and v air=vāyiru, the belly—are common Tamil words and their meanings are correctly given. It must however be remarked that the conso
nantal terminations of chor, pámp, and vair, have now assumed a vowel ending, which is written
‘It is now considered :—(as regards) words which are not known to the inhabitants of Ár yāvarta, if they have a meaning known to the Mlechchha is that to be accepted or not 2'
Kumārila suggests (but only to reject the notion) that by application of affixes, &c. it may be possible to convert them into Sanskrit
u, but is pronounced in a vague and indetermi nate manner.
There can be little doubt that Bhatta Ku
mārila regarded the South Indian (Dravidian) dialects as Mlechchha or unbrahmanic, uncivilized languages; he does not say so expressly, but his words imply that he thought so. It is not to
words, and he gives the following examples:—
3IFT:Tfa's MTHTTſūā
āTāzāīsīāīrāIſāq
- IHTTERFäſſtäſääääTHIRFsqāfāfī,
HHHHsqtadi aſāqāHHI agań aiian six-i ºr riqi irºzara; Esqqāl
Haſ Hær tº sºrt ºf Faqīāāg tº gºal&ºtsfä qIT TāāqāRFäää
- TTHERTH #FAfāāſ as qīq tra
3rgſåſå ###R TRA T33 firgú Faqi fääI sºfa HäHig.
assume too much therefore if we infer that about 700 A.D. brahmanical civilization had but
little penetrated the South of India. Brah mans had, no doubt, begun to find the South a promising field of labour, but there could have been very few settlers. Hiwen Thsang, who visited the Telugu and Tamil countries in 639 40 A.D., mentions that the inhabitants were chiefly Nirgranthas (i. e. Digambara Jains),S he mentions a few Buddhists, but has not a word about Brahmans.| The vague term by which the Tamil language
is
mentioned—Andhra drávid a bhāshā
is remarkable, as it indicates that a systematic
- Tak A tº:##zza Häärsää Harriſ
a taſia tº diet ſº Hāāſāzt
study of the so-called Dravidian languages can hardly have begun in the 8th century. The Sanskrit grammarof Telugu (there called Andhra) by Nan a ya (a Brahman) is to be attributed to
āftāff qāzāa ºf HaTziążIſāgāTHIaiá
the 10th century," and the
gā azº-35-HT Hat HRföråårgååt
p an a , a Canarese grammar which displays avery
HFIRHTTºſi ſãFºrd [šāfāq-eira fåå fia.
(v. l. făzT: )
Šab dam an id ar
large acquaintance by its author with Sanskrit grammar is to be attributed to about the same time.* All earlier civilization in Souther India,
atārāzāāfiz; qāzāāſāraā a Ffºſ
so far as it is known, is connected with the Jains.
- 3 Rºſâ Jr. qaqzār;|
language ; since Dr. Caldwell's Comparative
- Târnăth a, History of Indian Buddhism p. 133. “At
this time in the country of the South, among the leaders (lit. bulls of the herd) of the non-buddhist doctrine was
the famous Brähman Kumaralila or gzhon-nu-rol-pa.” The perversion in the form of the name is owing to the wrong etymology, as the Tibetans always translate Sanskrit names
and, as may be (imagined), are often hard up for a way of doing so. So here we have “boy's play” translating Ku inárila, i. e. as if Kumāralila. + The MSS have pâmp. In Tamil it is written pámpu but pronounced pambu.
I An affix also of the feminine form of the 3rd person sin
Dră v i da is not in use as the name of a
they could be Brahmans. Stan. Julien says cautiously as usual—“hérétiques qui vont nus.” (Mem. II. 461, and conf. I. 41, 354 ; II. 42, 93.) That they were really Digambaras is, I think, proved by the Atthapáhudaka
gāthās in which nigganthā is continually used as an epithet of true Jains ; e. g. iv. 10 (nigganthā viyarāyā jinamagge erisă patimã); 11 (sā hoi bandaniyā nigganthā sām jadāpatimã); 14: 50 (niggantha nissangå......... pabbajjā erisa bhaniyā) and in several other places. Of the age of this work I have however no information.
| Stanislas Julien, Voyages des Pèlerins Bouddhistes, III. pp. 92, 106, 110, 116, 119 and 122.
... gular in verbs.
§ The Nirgranthas are generally asserted to be naked Brahman mendicants (Böhtlingk and Roth, St. Petersburg
Dy. s.v.; Lassen, Ind. Alterthumsk. III. 692, IV. 232) but as the Mimänsists oppose them, it is difficult to see how
- C. P. Brown, Telugu Grammar, p. i.
- See Mr. Kittel's preface to his edition, p. xxiii. I find
that the "uthor has even taken some technical terms from
the Pratis’ākhyas
