May, 1873.] HINDU WORDS IN GREEK. 147 as opv(ov, &pi(a for vrihi, ntirtpi piper for pip. | pali, vapbos tu for nalada, or through Phcenicio- j Babylonian*commercial intercourse, as agaru nfrtN* nVn>» —dyaWoxov, kapi—nir karpdsa—cp3 | Kapnaa-ot, kuhkuma—curcuma Kposoe, in add- ra .(?)—paftfkKov rVm /35fXXtoi/.+ Marnkata—pjra trpapaydos we may assume was probably borrowed earlier from the Semitic : § in the case of kahuna — KaXapos (borrowed in Arabic ^JJ) * halm,’ and in sana—navafios, 1 hemp,’ on account of the trans¬ position of sound, perhaps a cognate origin dating from Indo-Germanic times, may bo assumed.|| In this place, however, only those words will suit our purpose the Indian origin whereof—and we shall have to take up many Prakrit forms of them —is either quite, or at least approximately, as¬ certained, whilst numerous other names and words, with which such is not the case,*[ must be ex¬ cluded. Firstly, artirles of commerce, or rather mineral, vegetable, and animal substances, and of daily life in general, belong to the following class of words* :— itpala—o7raXXios; kapphnra (? harp lira)—Kap(f)opa, kushtha—koo-tos costas, *ka Jnoplmla (leaf nkaphala) —KapvoffcvWov, *ka[nbhnri—KaTTvpovpivr), *khinna- vdri—cinnabari; grdlia—ypaai; chnndana—r£civdava aavrakov ; laniilapattra—paa;3adpov, tala—rnXa, th'VU—Sfi'or (Sfi/eov, /SacriXfi/y), udrikcla—apyfXXia ( ? vapytWia), * n ibl—inov ; * pattrapdpikd—narpo- 7ra7riy7, bliatari— fiovrvpov (asaf<i‘tida), mnshka— poa-ot; r el uriya—fiqXvppos, (3rjpvWos, sakkhara ( ? sarkard) —o-ciKapi (TiiK^apov, * sngniia—sacon sacondion sagenon, saphena—sapenas, sing aver a
- Of these Mi nay off alone has discovered lately the
first direct trace, namely, in the Ra rernj'itaka m (Jilt. IV., 34, 9 no. 331) according to the Cumin, of B u d d h a g h o s a. (5th ceut. A. D.) It contains alepondary report of repeated voyages of Indian merchants to Bavcru (Bab ini of tho Old Persian cuneiform writing ^32) where they brought, on the second occasion, the first pea cor k for sale. See Me¬ langes Asiatiques of the fmp. Russ. Academy, Vol. VI. 1871, p. 55/ se7'/. It is mentioned also in the Bible that I among other things the Plnnnioians in Solomon’s time | brought also peacocks from O ph i r (Abhira). (Here I may ' incidentally observe that I do not tliink C’3H is connected I with fiikh in, because the latter word can scarcely have I meant a peacock at the time here intended. Also the word I togei, supposed to be Malabarian, which has been enlisted for this connection, can scarcely have originated from ; sikhin-, rather perhaps some Dakhani word, which in that case might very well be the root of the Hebrew word). | The form Bdrcru, with r instead of /, here of course militates i against a Phoenician, but rather for a later Persian medi¬ ation in the legend: otherwise the final n here, as well as in the Bilbirn of the cuneiform writing, is probably a remnant of the Semitic nominative sign. t This word, curiously enough, occurs in the form ka/u certainly, as early as the hieroglyphs of the 17th cent. Conf. Joh. Diimichen, The finet of an Egyptian queen of the 17 th cent any, Leipzig, 18(53, Plates II, and XIV. J The l of the words for agaru aud inalYra (?) bears witness to their transmission through Semites, not across Persia.—Hereto belongs also tho name Opbir (Abhira) itself, which of course does not occur in Greek. (srihgarera)—(lyyi^qpt, surd—(poyo)-<rovpa, silled ri (sulcdri)—sulphur. Among geographical names the following oc- curt+ :— * adhiscittra (Ahichhattra ?)—Abtiaadpoi, Anv.rddhagrdtiia—Avovpoypappov, * audhornati—Av- 8<opans, Andhra—Andarae, * Audit rasi manta.—Av- Spaaipovvdov, Abhis a ra— Afittrapqe, -trcraptis (B qertra- | p«of/ ?), Abhira—A3qpia, Ambaftha Ambashtha— | Ap!3arat Ap^ao-rat, Asniaka—Asmagi, Asvaka — i Ao-o-ciktjvoi, Asikni—Akeaivrfs++t * asta (West) Aara- ! Kapirpov.
- Ikshumati —*0£qpans,§§ Irdvati—'Yapcvris 'Povn-
‘Ybpcnorqs, Iu.l ipatdha hidrnprastha—lv&a&apa IvSarrpaOat, inn a—Fdpivov. Ujpni—*0£qvq, Uttara- kuru—'OrropoKoppae, U rami—O in pa a. Jiikshavaul —Qu^evros, Anduiiibnra—Odomboeme. Katha,—Ka&un, Ka naakajjd (Kangdknhjd)—Kai/o- yiCq> Kapishthala—Kiip3trrdoot, Kamrnandsd (Kar¬ ma nd mi)— Kopptvaaqs, Kalinga — KaXiyyat Calillgue, Kalgdni—KaXXieva, Ka< ultra —Kaairtipaioi,*Kasqa’ papura—Kaananvpos (Ka,3ovpa), Kdkutthi (Kd- kutsthi)—KaicovBis, Kdvrt—Xafirjpis, Kdsi— Kao-- aida, Kirdta—Ktppaftcu, Kubhd—Kucftqv, Kurndri— Kopapia, Kuliu'la —KvXivSpivq, Kilrkht—KoX^ot, Ke- kaga—KrjKtot, *kok<nidga—Ku«»co»/ayat, *kokanagaro —KoKKovayupa, Kav.mdra—Kavpapa, Kasambi (Kau- fidmbi)—Ku)aap 3a, Kol/tbha (Kauluba ?)—Colubse, kshattra—Sndpcu, Kshwlraka—ZobpaKat (Svd-) ’O^uSpatten, khatrij/a (kshatriga)—Xarpuuoi. Gangi—rayyqe, Gan I aka oat i—Kovdoxarrjs, Gan- dhdra—Tai/Sapoi, Gonda—Toj/SaXoi, gauri (?) Tapot- ar, grama—ypappa ypappov, * Gluitca—Glausa;, Glanchnkdganaka—VXavKaviKai. Chand'ila—Knv8aXoi,|j| Chandrablulgd 2av8pa- * **§ Lid. Skizzen, p. 88. || Differently in V. Helm, CnUirate l plants and domes tic animals, p. 121. (Berlin, 1870.) Tbe use of hemp in the preparation of intoxicating liquors (ibid., p. 4dl) as¬ cends probably to tbe Aryan period, partly because bhanqa is used in the Rik. IX. <51, Li, as uu epithet of the intox¬ icating soma, aud partly because Indiau lexicographers use bhafitja to denote hemp and beverages of that king prepared from it. Comp, also Vend. IX. 138, Yesht XXIV. 26.
Although their Indian descent and signification have
been banded do wn to us, e.y. of m a r g a r i t a, t r a p p a g a, kot ymba (perhaps kutnpa, boat or little bag for keeping fluids?) Kouv8io<f>ovra, arayyapa, brechraa (abortion; comp, bhronahan ?). dramasa (dhruva ?) Kapmov, St- Kiupos, and many others.
- I mark with a star the words the signification, or ra¬
ther use, of which cannot be exactly pointed out, although they are possibly current. I do not put any marks to the Prakrit forms drawn from Sanskrit words actually occur¬ ring in the respective meanings, but I enclose the latter words in parentheses. I add, moreover, a few words which occur only in a Latin form, e. g. sulphur, Ac. ft The readings in Arrian, &c. vary much in the MSS.; I mostly adhere to those adopted by Lassen, since also tbe pnklnetiou itself of the corresponding Indian names is usually based on the precedent of Lassen. TX See Ruth, Lit. n. (iesrh. des Ve<(a, p. 139. $§ Also (like ’Axco-t^v) purposely au echo of Greek words : rid. inf. the words marked §§. i ;| ? P See Lassen I. 820; according to ibid. III. 175. I TovSaXoi is to be read for it.
