PATANJALT’S MAHABHASHYA. 69 March, 1873.] Atreya— a. Dattatreya Hatha. b. Kfishnatreya „ Haritasa Mahapatra. „ Dasa. Kauchhasa „ Ghritakauchhasa „ Mudgaja Satpatlii, vulgo Path?, also vulgo Satpasti. Batsasa Dasa, Acharya, Misra. Katyayana Sarangi. Kapinjala Dasa. II.—Northern Line. 1. Rig-Veda. Not represented. 2. Tajur- Veda. Katyayana Panda. Sandalya „ Krishnatreya „ and Dasa, Bharadwaj a „ Barshagana Misra. Kaphala „ Gautama Kara. 3. Atharva-Vedi. Angirasa Upadhyaya, vulgo Upa- dhya. Of lower branches, and considered inferior to the above, are— Sankhyayana Mahanti. N&gasa Dasa, and Mahanti. In explanation of the upadhts, I would state that they are, so to speak, the surnames of each gotra; for instance, a Brahman of the Kasyapa gotra, whose personal name was Radha Krishna, would be known and spoken of, and speak of him¬ self, as Radha Krishna Nand ; Patit Paban, of the Katyayana gotra, is Patitpaban Sarangi; and so on. The commonest surnames are Panda and Mahapatra in Balasor; probably because the families of the gotras to which they belong have multiplied more extensively there. Some of the upadhts given above are very rare in Balasor, as Tripathi, Ratha, Dube; the others are common enough. Some of them are also borne by other castes. Thus all the Karans, a class correspond¬ ing to the Kayasthas of Bengal, have the surname Mahanti, in the north contracted to Maiti. This fashion of caste surnames has been extended to the lower castes also : thus we have among the artizan castes the titles Patar, Rana, Ojha, Jena (a very low name, chiefly used by Pans, and other impure castes), Raut, Kar, De, and the Bangali names Ghosh and Bose (Basu). These names, where they are the same as those borne in other provinces, are used by lower castes. Tlius Ghosh and Basu in Bangali are highly respectable Kayastha names, in Orissa they are borne by Rajus, Gokhas, and other low castes. The cowherd class, the Gwala of Upper India, are here called Gaur or GauJ, and take the surnames Behera, Palai, Send, &c. Behera seems to have been adopted from the English, as it is this class that furnishes the well-known Oriya 1 bearers’ of Calcutta. But to return to the Brahmans,—the gotra names, it will be seen, are for the most part patronymics from well-known and are identical with many of those still in use in the North-Western Provinces. This circumstance seems to add confirmation to the legend of the origin of this caste from Kanauj. A Jtishi’s name occurs also among upadhts in one instance ; Sarangi being from Sanskr, Sarngf, patronymic from Sringa Rishi. Panda is hardly a gotra upddht, being applied to all Brahmans who officiate as priests. patanjali’s mahabhAshya By PROFESSOR RAMKRISHNA GOPAL BHANDARKAR, M.A. Pushpamitra. Since I wrote last on the subject, I have discovered a third passage in the Mahabhashya in which Pushpamitra is spoken of. Panini in III. 1, 26, teaches that the termination ay a, technically called ni, should be applied to a root when the action of causing something to be done is implied. Upon this, the author of the Yartikas observes that a rule should be made to provide for the use of the causal and primitive forms in the uninverted or the usual order in the case of the roots yaj and others. This Patanjali explains thus :—“Pushpamitra sacrifices (yajate), and the sacrificing priests cause him to sacrifice (i.e., to be the sacrificer by performing the ceremonies for him). This is the usual or uninverted order of using the forms. But by Panini’s rule the order ought to be 1 Pushpamitra causes (the priests) to sacrifice, and the priests sacrifice.’ ” This objection is removed by the author of the Vartikas himself, by saying that the root yaj, signifying several actions, the usual or unin¬
