On the Topography of Halicarnassus. 349 without thinking that he had done anything wrong; equally arbitrarily, but not quite so absurdly, he fixes the Mausoleum nearly in the middle of the city, in a place where no vestige of such a gigantic building exists. These mistakes do not require any further refutation; they are already known as such, and have been in part corrected. The distinguished Captain Spratt, whose correct industry in topographical examinations I from a long friendship know, has made out on the spot, that on the windmill-hill westward of the harbour, whereon Mr Newton thinks the palace ( c ) of the kings of Caria should have been placed, no traces whatever of an ancient foundation remain ; on the other hand Newton again errs in this, that he puts the sepulchre upon the modern terraces under a Mosque ( d ) in the East half of the town, in that spot where the low-fluted columns with the inscrip- tions are lying*. According to Vitruvius's unusually circumstantial and gra- phic description of the localities of Halicarnassus, the Mausoleum can only have been situated upon the beautiful stylobate, which I with Mr W. J. Hamilton( e ) have pointed out as such, and where also the fragments of Ionic columns prove themselves suitable to the well-known grandeur of its proportions. Mr C. Newton fixes here, quite at the foot of the hill, the temple of Mars; which indeed, according to Vitruvius, stood upon the summit of the castle (Acropolis) (/). After both these points have been undoubtedly settled, we come to the meaning of right and left according to Vitruvius, who seems here to speak throughout from actual observation. Now it is impossible that he should have placed himself with his face northwards, looking towards the city walls and towards the summit of the rock behind them, in order to describe the city lying thus at his back; on the contrary he turned himself, as every observer on the same spot naturally would do, with his face(^) to the South with the city and the entrance of the harbour at his feet. So all his assertions directly become perfectly clear. On the right, that is, on the West side of the harbour, he had the fountain Salmacis with the temple of Mercury and Venus W; but on the left, where at pre- sent stands the castle of the knights, the seat of the Carian kings, and behind this, from this point of view entirely concealed, the little outer naval harbour (*). In such a position Mausolus
- In Gerhard's Arcbaol. Zeit. vi. (1848), N. 6. S. 81.
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