the Pacific golden plover has an east and west extension of some 1700 miles, but in winter it ranges over an area with an east and west extension of about 10,000 miles. The scarlet tanager, however, has a breeding range extending for some 1900 miles across eastern Canada and a winter home in north-western South America of only some 700 miles in extent
The winter quarters, or the outermost limits of the individual but not necessarily the specific range, having been reached, the bird spends its time in seeking food, remaining in one place if food is plentiful, or wandering, according to necessity or the habit of the species. The assertion that some birds have a second breeding season in their southern home is either unsupported by any direct evidence or is the result of a mistake in identification; the bird which has been found breeding has in several instances been shown to be a southern form or a related species of the one it was thought to be.
As the northern spring approaches, the strongest of all animal instincts, on which reproduction and the very existence of the species depend, overcomes all other desires, and the bird grows restless. The hereditary instinct; the origin of which we have endeavoured to show, urges the bird to seek the breeding area which has by degrees become so far
