ARaYLE. 91 ARKLOW BARONY. c oitry, and paved the way for recent improvements. ! is, however, questionable liow far the conversion of i Is of country into slieepwalks and deer forests to 1"' desired, considering how greatly it tends to . ninisli the number of human inhabitants. In 1851 the a of this county was 89,298, and in 1861 it had I to 80,995, showing a decrease of no less than . ;03 in the decennial period, or 9'2 per cent, of the lole population ; the county having at present fewer labilunts than at the commencement of this century, icu tlio population was 81,277, and in 1831, 100,173. om that time a gradual decrease has taken place, and < the general condition of the people who have rated has improved, yet at the present time the uses are only of middling excellence, and the i of the peasantry are the poorest huts. There oanufactures of importance, except tho iron foun- Burnawe and Islay. There is a good hen-ing ,licry, in which many vessels are employed at Inverary id Campbelltown. Salmon and fine trout are taken in pen Awe. Campbelltown is tamed for its whisky, and Is five distilleries. Except the three boroughs, Inverary, Impbelltown, and Oban, and the favourite Glasgow iitering-place, Dunoon, there are no towns of impor- Zice in the county, and. tho people live for tho most j-t in email fishing villages. More than a third of the >pulatiou are islanders. Tho Gaelic language is that cst commonly spoken. There is not a railroad in the unty,nor a weekly market, and but one savings-bank. rgyle constitutes a synod, which includes six presby- ries, with forty-one parochial charges, thirteen parlia- entary churches, four chapels of ease, and nine missions I the Royal Bounty. The Free Church also has a synod I Argyle, comprising foul- presbyteries with thirty-four ^urehes and fifteen preaching stations. The Episcopal hurch of Scotland has a bishop of Argyle and the Isles, !n> has within his diocese sixteen churches and chapels The United Presbyterians have four chapels, the > formed Presbyterians one, the Congregational Union 'Scotland seven, and the Roman Catholics six places of - trsliip within the county. Of its history there is little tell. It was tho seat of several lordships in the middle .es. The northern parts were under tho McDougalls i Lorn, the southern under the McDonalds, Lords Ihc ]s!rs. There were several other ruling clans, heir power was gradually reduced as the kingly power I, and their domains passed by marriage or inquest to the Stuarts. From them Argyle came to pbells. The McDonalds made an unsuccessful
- tempt to retain Cantire in the 17th century. Among
n 1 antiquities of Argyllshire, the ruins of lona hold be first place. [See IONA.] There are some fine remains of | monastery in tho island of Oroneay, which lies at the puthern end of Colonsay. The principal old castles are liose of Dunstaffiiage, in the district of Ardchattan, at ae mouth of Loch Etive [Sec AKDCHATTAN] ; Dunoon, seat f the Argyles ; Dunolly, seat of the McDougalls, near (ban harbour ; Ardtornish, on the Sound of Mull ; and 'veral others. Cairns, Danish forts, and Druidical circles
- ' stones, exist in several places. There are some singu-
ir caves in tho parishes of Lochgoilhead and Strachur. lie chief means of communication are the steamboats, hioh visit nearly all the lochs and the islands. When iis mode of conveyance was in its infancy, it was gcne- illy supposed that the little wealth, bold shores, and altered population of tho county, kept it without the rcle in which its adoption was to become beneficial. It line, however, to bo attempted, and there is not now a ch, bay, or inlet, but holds a daily, or atleastaweckly, immunication with tho city of Glasgow and the Low- nds. By this means fanners are encouraged to fatten ock for the southern markets, and thus to improve their rms; so that in the last ten years the value of land has sen '20 per cent., and tho condition of the agricultural ipulation is improving, though they are still extremely jor, for the most part living on fish and oatmeal. The rinan canal, which crosses the northern part of Cantire, om Loch Fyno to Loch Crinan, saves a voyage of 120 dies round the Hull. Tho Caledonian canal, which connects tho Moray Frith with Loch Linnhe, extends a few miles into this county. The principal road from tho south, after passing along the western side of Loch Lomond, enters Argyleshiro at tho head of Loch Fyne, and proceeds to Inverary, Dalmally, and Oban. Another road enters from Perthshire by Dalmally, thence to Tyndrum, King's House, and Glencoe on Loch Leven. From Inverary a road runs southward through Loch- gilphcad. There arc also several good roads crossing tho county from east to west, and leading towards Fort- William, Stirling, Dumbarton, and other places of im- portance. ARGYLE DISTRICT, one of the six subdivisions of tho co. of Argyle, Scotland, bounded on the N. by Inverness-shire, on the E. by Perthshire and Loch Fyne, on the 8. by Cantiro and Knapdale District, and on tho W. by the Atlantic Ocean ; containing the pars, of Ardnamurchan, part of Sunart, Craignish, Inishail, Inverary, and Glenary, part of Kilmallio, Kilmartin, Kilmichael Glassary, South Knapdalo, and the quoad sacra pars, of Aharacle, Strontian, Ballachulish, and Lochgilphead. ARISAIG, Inverness-shire, Scotland. $'. AIIAS Air:. ARKENDALE, a chplry. in the par. of Knaresborough, in tho wap. of Claro, West Riding of the co. of York, 3 miles to the N.E. of Knaresborough. Tho living is a porpet. cur. * in the dioc. of Ripon, val. 80, in tho patron, of tho vicar of Knaresborough. The chapel is dedicated to St. Bartholomew. There is a chapel belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists. ARKEN GARTH-DALE, a par. in the western div. of the wap. of Gilling, in tho North Riding of the co. of York, 12 miles to the W. of Richmond. Tho Dale, which is about 7 miles in length, is watered by the Ark, a branch of the river Swale. The par. includes the hmlts. of Arkle, Booso, and several others. It is a moorland district, with valuable lead mines, some of which have been worked for six hundred years. Tho inhabitants of the village are principally engaged in the mines. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Ripon, val. 123, in the patron, of Sir J. Lowther, Bart., the pro- prietor of the mines. Tho church is dedicated to St. Mary. There is a chapel belonging to tho Wesleyan Methodists. A free school, for tho benefit of all children of tho Dale, was founded and endowed >y George Brown, Esq., who held tho manor. The parochial chanties, in- cluding tho free school, amount to 37 per annum. A KKESDEN, a par. in the hand, of Uttlesford, in the co. of Essex, 5 miles to tho S.W. of Saffron Waldcn. Bishops' Stortford is the post town. A small stream, a branch of the river Stort, runs through it. Tho living is a vie.* in the dioo. of Rochester, val. 181, in tho patron, of the Rev. W. B. Wolfe. The church is dedicated to St. Mary, and contains a brass of the year 1440. ARKHOLME, a chplry. joined with that of Cawood, in tho par. of Melling, hund. of Lonsdale, in the co- palatine of Lancaster, 10 miles to the N.E. of Lancaster. It is situated on the western bank of the river Luno. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dine, of Manchester, v;il. .CHO, in the patron, of the vicar of Melling. There an: rh:ml ies amounting to 14. ARKLE, a limit, in the par., of Arkengarth-Dale, wap. of Gilling, in the North Riding of the co. of York, 12 miles to the W. of Richmond. ARKLESIDE, a limit, in the tnshp. of Carlton High- dale, and par. of Coverham, wap. of Hang, in the North Riding of the co. of York, G miles to tho S.W. of Middleham. ARKLEY, a chplry. in the par. of East l!ainct,intho hund. of Casino, in the co. of Hertford. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Rochester. ARKLOW BARONY, one of the eight bars, of tho CO. of Wicklow, in tho prov. of Leinster, Ireland. It is situated in the south-eastern corner of the county, and is bounded on the N. by the bar. of Newcastle, on the K. by St. George's Channel, on the S. by tho co. of Woxford, and on the W. by the bar. of Bal- linacor. It contains the county town Wicklow, and tho pars, of Arklow, Ballentemple, C'astleniacadatn,
