ARMAGH BA1MM. 5)4 AIIMACH. has several interesting remains of antiquity. In tin: south-east is the Dane's Cast, a dyke, or linn of for ur I'uyutz Pass, and extending into the county of Down. Near Armagh ore the ruins of Kamania, or Xa- vaurath, a fortress and scat of the kings of Ulster, and the Vicar's Cairn. On the Callan river is the traditional 1 1 -place of one of the O'Nials, marked by a tumulus. Cairn Bunn is mar Xi wry. Ruins of castles exist in several places, and near Poyntz Pass are Tyrone's ditchca. Numerous weapons and decorations have been found spears, axes, swords, collars, rings, amulets, &c. The city of Armagh has some interesting ecclesiastical remains. The principal scats in the county of Armagh are the following: JQosford Castle, the seat of Earl Gosford ; Tandcragee Castle, that of the Duke of Man-
- '.xboro' Castle, of the Earl of Charlcmont ;
Castle Hill, of Lord Caledon ; Brownlow House, of Lord Lurgan ; Tandcragee, of Count dc Salis ; Castle Dillon, iulyncux, Bart. ; Tynan Abbey, of Sir James Matthew Strong > hurchill, of Yernor, Hart. ; Drumbanagher, Forkhill, Camagh, Cullovillc, Li&sadian, &c. The Dublin and Coluraine railway enters Armagh at Ncwry, whence it is continued in a parallel dii > with the Newry canal to Portadown. A branch lino from Portadown runs to Dungonnon, in Tyrone. The utcrs from Belfast at PorUaown, continued by Armagh to Monaghan. The principal roads are the following : from Dundalk by Xcwry, Market Hill, to Armagh and Chorlemont j from Dundalk by Newtown-Hamilton, to Armagh; from Mon:i crossing the county in a north-easterly direction, by Middletown, Armagh, Portadown, to Lurgon. ARMAGH 1UKHNY, oat <>f tl. . i^-nt subdivi of the co. of Armagh, in the prov. of Ulster, Ii bounded on the E. by the bars, of O'Noilland West and Lower Fews, on the S. by the co. of Monaghan, and on the W. and X.V. byTurenny bar. nnd the co. of Tyrone. It contains the pars, of Blackwatertown, Loughgall, parts of Eglcsh, Derrynoosc, Grange, K and 1 jisnadil. AltMAGH, a par., city, and market-town in the bars, of Armagh and O'Ncillund West, in the co. of Armagh, prov. of Ulster, Ireland, 81 miles by road, or 98 miles by railway, to the N.W. of Dublin. It is a parlia- mentary borough, the county town, and the seat of the primacy of Ireland. It is situated near the centre of mity on the river Callan, and is a station on Il' r railway. It was originally called by n
- i signified " hill of sallows ;" it^]>i'-.nt nan.
traded limn .li-il-inayk, signifies " high place," or "high field." The city boasts of n very high antiquity, nnd had an ecclesiastical origin 1 in the middle of the 6th century, by St. Patrick, who also established here a monastery of the Augustine order. This house able endowments from tin: kings, and became very wealthy. A college was connect. .1 with it, to which imnii . M of students resorted, and from wliieh learned men went forth to all JKI< jio. Tho students at one period numbered 7,000. So much importance was nttm-ln .1 to the course ol punned and the privileges enjoyed here, that in the 12th
- ry a synodal decree was passed that no one should
teach theology who had not learnt it at the Coll' Armagh. The. city period became d hi"f >-ity ii: In land. , ;:i in . it tin- "seat "f )-TM|iii. ." 1 l>y lire. In 830 the Danes stori irioe and a half, th>- r-tory . ; Is ami i In inni, i )>ossession ., with ..: i:;i.-i. 'I : Xiai, l."i">7, 1 lien-
- nl did
not spare even the cathlial. In Klul I/>rd Mount joy .an 01
- !
taken recovered it from the O'Nials and placed a strong garrip son in it. Sir Pln-lim ' possession of the place a short time in 1C 11. It was garrisoned by i Tyrconntl for James II., retaken by Lord Blayncv . soon lost again. Jami .- i short time here i liis wav 1'ioin the siege of Deny. In 1DUO it by Duke Schomberg. Armagh IK iv. .1 a i ! corpo: Jami I. in IGl.'t, which, MI,.- superseded by anotln T granted by James II., was stored by William III. Tho style of the c was, the " sovereign, free burgesses, and com the borough of Ardmagh," under whii -h the K>cal gov was till lately carried on. The 1 two members to the Irish parliament from th James I. till the Union ; it has since sent one men^^l to the Imperial parliament. lished in Armagh, and tlio assizes ami . sessions are held here. Petty sessions are held by county magistrates weekly. Armagh i Poor-law Union. The city is situated on the slope < hill, on the winding bank of tin: river Callan. houses are handsome, many being built of the be: "lie found in the neighbourhood. The a pj .1 through the surrounding count ry principal object in the Iral, stundir a central position, to which many of the M verge. The town is lighted with zi*, and > with water. An elegant market-house was i Archbishop Stuart. There is a public library, fb' slowed by Primate Kobinson; who also cre._ handsome building for the library, an ol the archicpiscopal palace, with a r it. T< <ntino buildings inclnde an assexn ' s-bank, and other apartments. There is a p: walk called the Mall, which was formeil on land formerly part of the town conmi.'ii*. At north end of this wall: IK tin' s) -sions-house, d in 1809, and at the south end is the county g Tho linen-hall, which is open for sales on Tuesday* ' erected by Leonard Dobbin, KM)., a i borough. There are tanin i lories, gas works, waterworks, barracks i banks, a county lunatic asylum, nn a! Two newspapers are. published, tl Tin: living of Armagh and i Armaf.'! .ml othei>. patron, of the juimatc-. The orifi' founded bv St. Patrick in -I l;>, ].)'rish) '1 in s:ic.. . ity was cii'stroyi'l hy the IVun-.;. It is n built. It is chi)'lly i Ii stl' , and was n -lured in 1675 by Archb Margetson. ! i nl' the biiiliUng is is:. its breailih Druimsoilcch hill, the si At was erected by 1 inson, and a mor< restoration M.-I-; >.-arricbin.s)in, by ]'.:i lurch Iral. It is ii Mark. Tin- liiii . llnailly. >-ba].. ' M ]i lists. Thci. of which I'lin,..:. I 1 In 1771. Ti iv d various < lime to time. AnotllOT n 1 endowed in l.sr.P, by Primate Stuart; ' iiMi'Hi.il I schools in the j'arish. One of the U stands n. -Mm Wesley ; ijiiently nsul to pn aeh. The branch provincial
