HACKTHORN. 161 HADDINGTOiSr. ncy, is still standing, but the rest of the building was taken down in 1798, when the new church of St. John was erected in the same churchyard, but the steeple and porches were not finished till 1812: It is a square brick building with tower and spire, and has a peal of eight bells, which are placed in St. Augustine's tower, the tower of St. John's church not being reckoned sufficiently firm to sustain their weight. The register commences in the year 1555. In the churchyard are many ancient and interesting monuments ; amongst others one to Sir John Rowe, Lord Mayor of London, 1570, with very fine carving and inscriptions; one to John Nevill, Lord Latimer, 1577; one to Christopher TJrswick, almoner of Henry VII., who is supposed to have been portrayed by Shakspeare in his play of "Richard III.;" and one to Henry Earl of Nor- thumberland, who died in 1537. Some of the monuments belonging to the old church were transferred to the ves- tibule of the new church of St. John. The church of St. John the Baptist, South Hackney, is a stone structure, erected in 1848, with a tower surmounted by a spire, and containing a peal of eight bells. All the windows are of painted glass. The register dates from 1826. The church of West Hackney is also a fine modern structure. There are chapels for Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, Unitarians, and Roman Catholics. The meeting-house, called the Gravel Pit Meeting, was originally founded about 1620. The charities and en- dowments are very considerable, producing about 3,000 per annum part of which is the endowment of the alms- houses situated in Hackney Proper and South Hackney. The charity called " The Retreat" is for widows of Inde- pendent or Baptist ministers. There are numerous schools and academies, including the Church of England grammar-school, situated in Clarence-road; National, British, and infant schools, with denominational schools and Sunday-schools attached to most of the places of worship. Hackney has produced several men of emi- nence, as John Howard the philanthropist, who was born here ; Daniel De Foe, who was educated and resided here ; Richard Cromwell, the grandson of tho Protector, who had a house here ; Colonel Okey, one of those who gat on the trial of Charles I., and resided at the old house called Barbour Barns; and Major Andr, who was hanged by order of Washington, and has a monument in Westminster Abbey, erected by order of George III. HACKTHORN, a par. in the E. div. of the wap. of Aslacoe, parts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 7 miles N.E. of Lincoln, its post town, and 10 S.W. of Market Rasen. This place is very small, but of great antiquity, a church and village having existed here long before the Norman conquest. Stone is quarried, though of very inferior quality. The Roman road from Lincoln to Barton-upon- Humber passed about 2 miles from the village. The tithes were commuted for land under an Enclosure Act in 1778. The living is a vie.* annexed to the rect. of Cold Hanworth, in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 260. Tho church, dedicated to St. Michael, is an ancient scructure, built about the time of the Conquest, on the site of a more ancient one. At the S. and W. entrances are fine Norman arches. Hackthorn Hall is the seat of Robert Amcotts, Esq., who is lord of the manor. Here are two schools supported by subscription. 1IACKTHORPE, a tnshp. in the par. of Lowther, Wi-st ward, co. Westmoreland, 4 miles 8. of Penrith. It is situated on the Lancaster and Carlisle railway, near the river Lowther. HACKWOOD HALL, a seat in tho par. and hund. of liasingstoke, co. Hants, 1 mile S.E. of Basingstoke. It was built by Lord Bolton in 1688, in a finely-wooded park, and contains the music chamber, decorated by Vanbrugh, where Polly Peaclmm, third Duchess of Bol- ton, used to sing. HADDENHAM, a par. in the hund. of Aylesbury, co. ., 3 miles N.E. of Thame, its post town, 7 S.W. of Aylrsbury, and 4 from Princes Risborough. The parish, 1 1 is bounded on the W. by the river Thame, is situ- ated on the borders of Oxfordshire. It is intersected by the turnpike-road from Thame to Aylesbury. Tho vil- lage, which is considerable, was formerly a market town. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the manufacture of pillow lace. There are two mineral springs, one at Dodbrook, the other at the Great Farm. The land is divided between arable and pasture. The surface is generally level, and is watered by a copious brook in the S. part of the parish. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Oxford, val. 370, in the patron, of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester. Tho church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is an ancient structure with square tower, containing a clock and eight bells. A charity of 35 per annum is distributed among the poor in bread, being the endowment of George Franklin, Esq. It was originally 50, but has been reduced to the former sum through mismanagement. Here is a National school ; also places of worship for the Wesleyans and Baptists. The Right Hon. Baroness Weninan is lady of the manor. HADDENHAM, a par. in the hund. of South Witch- ford, Isle of Ely, co. Cambridge, 7 miles S.W. of Ely, its post town, and 15 from Cambridge. It is situated in a remote part of tho Fens, and contains the hmlts. of Aldreth, or Alderwith, and Hill Hows. The inhabitants are principally employed in agriculture. The soil is clayey and gravelly, and the land chiefly arable. Tho par. has an area of upwards of 9,500 acres. The hamlot of Aldreth, anciently called Audrey, is supposed to derive its name from Queen Etheldreda, to whom it was given as a dowry on her marriage, as also the ancient road across the Fen, called Aldreth Causeway, which was originally constructed by the Romans, but repaired by William tho Conqueror, who lost nearly half his army here by the burning of his pontoons whilst endeavouring to drive out Hereward, the Saxon patriot, from his fast- nesses in the Islo of Ely. At a spot still called the Hermitage was a cell to the priory at Ely. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Ely, val. 235, in the patron, of the Archdeacon of Ely. The church is an ancient cruciform stone structure, standing on a hill, and has a lofty tower. There are chapels for Wesleyans and Baptists, and two free schools, lioman and early British coins are frequently found here, and some ancient weapons have been dug up. Tho Earl of Hardwicke is lord of the manor, and impropriator of the great tithes. HADDINGTON, or EAST LOTHIAN, a maritime co., commonly called East Lothian, in the S.E. of Scot- land. It is bounded on the W. and N.E. by the German Ocean, on the N. and N.W. by tho Firth of Forth, on the S. and S.E. by eo. Berwick and the Lammermuir hills, and on the S.W. by co. Edinburgh. It extends between 55 47' and 56 5' N. lat., and 2 22' and 3 1' W. long. Its greatest length from E. to W. is near 2(> miles, and its greatest breadth 17. Its area is computed at 272 square miles, or 174,080 acres, of which about 35,000 acres are waste land, and 0,000 are plantation. It has a low rocky coast of about 35 miles, the principal places along which are D unbar, Haddington, Preston Pans, North Berwick, Aberlady Bay, near the embouchure of tho river Pefier into the Forth, Belhaven Bay, Whitberry Head, Ravensheugh Craig, and Tantallou Castle ; tho islands of Scarr, Craigleith Lamb, Fidra, and the Bass Rock. East Lothian was the ancient territory of tho Ottadini, who remained in undisputed possession until about a century after the departure of the Romans, when the Saxons from Northumbria, having made a descent, conquered the territory and annexed it to their kingdom. In 1020, it was wrested from its new masters by the Scots, and in the time of David I. and Malcolm IV., Hadding- ton became a favourite royal retreat. In 1216 King John ravaged the county; and in 1296 the memorable siege of Dunbar took plase. Two years later Dirleton became the scene of a severe contest between Wallace and Edward I. From this period to nearly the middle of the 16th century, the county of Haddington was the scene of continual warfare. In 1514 the Earl Somerset entered the county, destroyed Seaton Castle, and sacked and burned the towns of Haddington and Dunbar. Threo yciirs later the Protector and Lord Grey wasted and ruined the county throughout, and it was subject to tho English till 151'0, when a treaty was signed. In 1653
