MANCHESTER. 759 MANCHESTER. of the educational institutions and schools, in point of antiquity, is tho Chetham Library and College, which is also called the Chetham Hospital, which was founded by Humphrey Chetham, the fourth sou of Henry Chetham, of Crumpsal, who was baptised at the Collegiate Church of Manchester, July 10, 1580, and who died in the year 1053. Humphrey Chetham, though of good family, was a com- uil factor or buyer, engaged in the fustian trade, but purchasing largely lor the London market, and resided as
- i bachelor chiefly at Clayton Hall, near Manchester; by
his will, bearing date the 10th December, 1651, he be- queathed 700 fur the purchase of a fee simple estate, the profits of which were to be applied to the education and maintenance of forty poor boys ; he had established the school during his lifetime, but had then restricted it to twenty-two scholars, fourteen from Manchester, six from 8Ubrd,and two from Uroylsden. Inhis will six townships are allowed to nominate boys, and the number of recipients of his bounty was increased to forty ; they are to be the children of poor but honest parents, not illegitimate, nor diseased, lame, or blind, when chosen ; they are to be clothed, fed, and instructed, from the age of about six to fourteen, when they are to be bound out, at the expense of the institution, to some honest and useful trade. There was, in addition, a bequest of 1,000 for the purchase of books, and 100 for a building, as the foundation of a public library, for the augmentation and support of which there was a residuary devise of personalty, after the pay- ment of legacies, such residue amounting to more than 2,000. The building stands on the most ancient his- toric site, adjoining tho cathedral, and is approached by a gateway, surmounted by the arms and motto of tho founder, and a courtyard, walled in, of some extent. Donations have been added from time to time to the original bequests, the first being in 1694, by the Rev. John Prestwich, Fellow of All Saints, Oxford ; and tho library now contains upwards of 20,000 volumes, and educates 100 boys, viz. 35 of Manchester, 15 of Salford, Droyldsden 8, Crumpsal 5, Bolton 25, Turton 12. The hospital is under the direction of twenty-five feoffees and a resident governor ; the boys wear a distinctive dress, something like that of the Christ's Hospital boys in London ; the library is absolutely free to all persons, resident or stranger. The Lancashire Independent College is a fine building, in the township of Withington, and is approachable either by the Chorlton-road, or the Strctford New-road ; it is devoted to the education of CongregationaUsts or Independents, and is on the basis of the Church colleges of Oxford and. Cambridge ; the principal is the Rev. Robert Vaughan, D.D., who is as- sisted by professors, the whole being under the control of twenty trustees. Owen's College is situated in Quay- street, in a house formerly occupied by the late Richard n ; it is a college in connection with the University of London, and was endowed by Mr. Owen, whose name it bears, with a bequest of 100,000, in order that Dis- senters might be taught as at Oxford and Cambridge ; the principals and jjrofessors are empowered, by royal nt of 1851, to grant certificates to candidates for ".a to be granted by the University of London. Tin.- Free Grammar School, founded by Hugh Oldham, ^^PP of Exeter, in 15.20, has an income of more than
- innum, and possesses several exhibitions to
i Cambridge ; the education provided is of a ^^^Hor kind, but scarcely equals that which might be i<:it<-d from so large a revenue. The Manchester 1 Schools were erected in 1845 under the i the Manchester Church Education Society, lion stone having been laid in Juno of the same year ; the building has a good exterior, and will .to 200 boys ; attached to the institution is 1 anchester Evening College, for the instruction of imaged during the day. The Ladies' Public founded in 1806 for the purpose of educating aulu children of the poor ; it is situated on a plot und in Old Strangeways, and was erected to com- >rate the completion of tho, fiftieth year of the reign III.; iu ls:;-J, it [ by a bequest of Hall ; it educates forty The Wesleyan Theological Institute was opened in 1842, and is situated at Didsbury, about 6 miles from Man- chester, for the education of young men intended for the Wesleyan ministry ; it is a large edifice, standing on about ten acres of ground. The Catholic Collegiate In- stitution is situated in Grosvenor-square, Chorlton. There are in Manchester numerous literary and scien- tific institutions. The Manchester Royal Institution, Mosley-street, devoted to scientific, literary, and artistic purposes, contains a lecture room capable of holding nearly 1,000 persons, and a hall adorned by casts of antique statuary, including copies of the Elgin marbles, presented by George I V. ; tho entrance-hall is graced by a very noble portrait-statue of Dr. Daltoii, by Chantrey, considered, justly, one of the finest productions of his studio, representing the chemist and philosopher seated in an attitude of graceful dignity ; annual exhibi- tions of pictures are usually held in this building, and this portion of the edifice also contains one or two very fine paintings by Etty, the gift of D. Grant, Esq. ; con- nected with the artistic department, there is a school for instruction in drawing, &c. ; the building, designed by Barry, was originated at a meeting held at the Exchange in 1823, erected at a cost of 30,000, and opened in 1830. The Athenaium, also from designs by Barry, was erected in 1837, and cost 18,000, containing a library of 16,000 volumes, a lecture hall accommodating 1,000 persons, gymnastic club, chess club, essay and discussion society. Manchester School of Art, for promotion of art culture and instruction, also in Mosley-street, adjoining Royal Institution, opened in February, 1838, and supported by government aid, fees, and subscriptions ; a Mechanics' Institute, first stone laid June 21, 1855, opened Septem- ber 9, 1856, and cost 14,000, containing a library of 20,000 volumes, with lecture theatre, class rooms, organ, &c. ; subscriptions, males, os., females, 3s. per quarter ; Manchester Free Library, Byrun-street, Camp-field, opened September 2, 1852 ; Salford Athenaeum, Great George-street, Salford, opened November 14, 1853; 1'en- dleton Mechanics' Institute ; Ancoats Lyceum ; Miles Platting Mechanics' Institute, Argyle-street, top of Old- ham-road ; Crumpsall Mechanics' Institute ; Chorlton- on-Medlock Mechanics' Institute and Temperance Hall. The chief of the hospitals and benevolent institutions are the Manchester Royal Infirmary and Dispensary, one of the finest and most conspicuous buildings in Man- chester, situated at junction of Mosley and Market-streets, in Piccadilly ; the building occupies three sides of a quad- -rangle, the centre of each being ornamented by fine Ionic portico pediments, supported by fluted pillars; originally founded in 1752 at a house in Garden-street, Shudehill, by Joseph Bancroft and Charles White, Bur- geons ; in 1754, the present building was commenced on land purchased of Sir Oswald Mosley, and was opened in 1755 ; in 1766 a Lunatic Asylum was added to the foundation, and in 1792 a Dispensary was annexed ; it was enlarged by a W. wing in 1851, and tho Piccadilly front was completed in 1853, and a dome built to serve as a clock tower, which now possesses a clock with four illuminated dials ; the height from the ground to the top of the cupola is 105 feet; the infirmary is fronted by three bronze statues of Dr. Dalton, Wellington, and Peel, which occupy a site of a dirty pool of water, once stagnant there ; the Lunatic Asylum was removed from the Royal Infirmary in 1854, to Stockport Etchells. St. Mary's Hospital and Dispensary, the oldest charitable me- dical institution in Manchester, formerly in Quay-street, opened in the present building October 10, 1856, has a good library of obstetric works and a museum architect, (i. Pennington; Lock Hospital, 311, Deansgate; House ofRecovery and Board of Health ; Manchester Eye Infirmary ; Salford and Pendleton Royal Hospital and Infirmary ; Chorlton Dispensary ; Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary ; Manchester Homoeopathic Institution, Bloom-street ; Manchester and Salford Homoeopathic ~;iry, Dale-street, Lever-street ; Chorlton- upon- Medlock Dispensary, Penitentiary ; Greenheys District Provident Asylum ; Blind Asylum, Stretford New-road, Deaf and Dumb School, samu i diliee ; public baths and
