6CAMPTON. 404 SCABBOEOUGH. bounded on the N. by the navigable river Derwent. The soil consists of a Bandy loam upon a subsoil of clay and gravel. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of York, val. 80, in the patron, of the Vicar of Rillington. The church is of recent erection. There is a National school for both sexes. Scampston Hall, the principal residence, is situated in an extensive park. William St. Quintin, Esq., is lord of the manor and sole land- owner. SCAMPTON, a par. in the hund. of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 5f miles N.W. of Lincoln, its post town. The village, which is of small extent, is situated near the Roman way Ermine Street, and is wholly agri- cultural. It is mentioned in Domesday Book as belong- ing to the Gaunts. Limestone is extensively quarried for building and for burning into lime. There is a chalybeate spring called St. Pancras's Well. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 300. The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, has a square tower, and contains tombs of the Bolles. Some remains of a Roman villa and tesselated pavements upon which St. Pancras Church had been built were discovered in 1795. SGANSBY, a tnshp. in the par. of Brodsworth, N. div. of Strafforth wap., West Riding co. York. SCAR, a mountain in the northern part of co. Wick- low, Ireland, near Laragh. It attains an elevation of 2,105 feet above sea-level. SCAR BAY, on the coast of co. Wexford, Ireland. SCARA, or 8CARRIFF, an islet in Ballinaskelligs Bay, co. Kerry, Ireland, 6 miles S.E. of Bolus Head. SCARAWALSH, a bar. in the co. of Wexford, prov. of Leinster, Ireland. It contains the following pars. : Ballycarney, Clone, Kilbride, Kilcomb, Kilrush, Moy- nart, St. Mary's Enniscorthy, St. Mary's Newtown- Barry, Temple-Shanbo, and parts of Carnew, Ferns, Moyacomb, Temple-Shannon, and Toome. SCARAWALSH-BRIDGE, a hmlt. in the bar. of Scarawalsh, co. Wexford, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 3 miles N.E. of Enniscorthy, on the river Slaney, which is here crossed by a bridge. SCARBA, an island in the par. of Jura and Colonsay, co. Argyle, Scotland, 3J miles N.W. of Craignish Point. It extends in length about 3 miles, and nearly the same in extreme breadth. It is situated between Jura and Luing islands, near Corriewreckan Sound. The principal portion of the island consists of a single moun- tain, rising to an altitude of 1,500 feet above the sea. Its shores are lofty and precipitous, and the surface for the most part covered in heath. The E. side of the island abounds in verdure and natural woods. SCARBOROUGH, a garrison, market, and seaport town, and a municipal and parliamentary borough in the wap. of Pickering Lythe, North Riding co. York, 217 miles N. of London by road, or 233$ by rail, and 42J N.E. of York. The name of the town is probably derived from the Saxon words icear, " a rock," and burgh, "a town." The earliest notice in history is in the charter of incorporation granted by Henry II. in 1181. The castle was, however, built earlier than this, being erected by William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle, in the reign of Stephen. A pier was added, in pursuance of a charter from Henry III. Piers Gaveston, the favourite of Edward II., was besieged here for some time in 1212, and at length surrendered to the Earl of Pembroke. The "Pilgrimage of Grace," in 1536, assaulted the castle, but without success, and in 1564 Lord Thomas Stafford, and other of Sir Thomas Wyatt's party, seized the casile, but it was retaken by the Earl of Westmore- land, and Stafford and four others were executed. During the parliamentary war it was held for the king by Sir Hugh Cholmeley. The town was taken by Sir John Meldrum, who was killed in the assault, and the castle was also taken in July, 1645, by his successor Sir Matthew Brynton. Three years afterwards both town and castle revolted and declared for the king, but were reduced in a few months. The castle was repaired in 171.), and there is now a small battery and military depot there. The town stands on both sides of the slope of the projecting cliff on which the castle is situated. The old town is close underneath the castle. Along the cliffs, on the N. and S. sides, are large modern houses and terraces, such as are seen at most watering-places. The portion of the cliff on which the spa or mineral spring for which Scarborough is celebrated is found is separated from the town by a narrow valley. This is bridged over by an iron bridge, which forms a prome- nade, and which leads to the buildings, consisting of a saloon, reading-room, &c., which surround the spa. Tho Literary and Philosophical Society's building is on thr N. side of the bridge. The beach on both sides of thi town is open and sandy. The harbour is protected by two piers and a lighthouse, and is considered very safe. The depth of water at the entrance is about 20 feet at high tide, but not more than 4 at low tide. The public buildings, besides churches, &c., are the townhall, post- office, and market. A large proportion of the inha- bitants are engaged in fishing and in the manufacture of ropes, sails, and other naval necessaries. Ships are occasionally entirely built in the town. The chief imports are from America and the Baltic, and during the herring fishery many foreign vessels resort to this port. The importance of the town is, however, princi- pally owing to the sea-bathing, which attracts a large number of visitors in the summer from the neighbouring counties. Scarborough is divided under the new Act into two wards. The local government is carried on by a mayor, with 5 aldermen and 18 councillors, with the style of "bailiffs and burgesses of the town of Scarborough." The parliamentary borough includes the parish and Falsgrave, and two members have been returned for it to the House of Commons since the reign of Edward I. Quarter and petty sessions are held in the townhall, being presided over by 8 magistrates. The Poor-law Union includes the pars, of East and West Ayton, Brompton, Broxa, Burniston, Cayton, Cloughton, Falsgrave, Filey, Folkton, Canton, Gristhorpe, Hackness, Hurwood Dale, Hutton Bushcll, Irton, Libberston, Muston, Newby, Osgodby, Sawdon, Scalby, Scarborough,' Seamer, Sherburn, Silpho, Snain- ton, Stainton Dale, Suffield, Throxenby, Troutsdulo, Willerby, and Wykeham. The new County Court dis- trict and the superior registry are the same, with the ex- clusion of Snainton. The population was, in 1851, 12,915, living in 2,838 houses, and in 1861, 18,377, living in 3,940 houses, showing an increase of 5,462 in the ten years. The living is a vie. with the cur. of Christ Church, in the dioc. of York. val. 300. The church originally formed part of a Cistercian priory, of which remains appear in the churchyard. Two of the three towers were de- stroyed in the siege of 1644, and much additional injury has been suffered by the building ; but recently it has been restored and repaired. Christ Church, to which the curacy above mentioned belongs, stands out- side the town. It was built in 1828, at a cost of 8,000, partly contributed by the Commission for Building Churches, and partly by private subscription. The style is modern Gothic, with a pinnacled tower. St. Thomas's, in East Sandgate, is a perpet. cur., val. 150, in the patron, of the vicar. It was erected in 1846, and the greater number of. the sittings are free. The Roman Catholics have a chapel built within the last few years, and there are also places of worship for the Inde- pendents, Baptists, Wesleyans, Primitive and Associa- tion Methodists, and Society of Friends. There are several schools, including a free grammar school, Na- tional schools for boys and girls, an industrial school, the Amicable Society's school, for 70 to 80 of both sexes, Denison's charity schools, and infant and Sunday schools belonging to the Roman Catholics and other sects. There are three charitable institutions for sailors, the Merchant Seamen's and the Trinity House hospitals, and Wilson's Marine Asylum, and another general hos- pital, called the sea-bathing infirmary. The Merchant Seamen's hospital was founded in 1752, and is sup- ported partly by subscription of 6d. a month from sailors belonging to the port. Other charities are Taylor's, Farrar"s, Worth's, St. Thomas's, Stubb's, Sedman's, and the Burgh almshouses. There is also a poorhonse. Th
