468 plint's natfeal htstoet. [Book Y. fugitives, as its name implies^ and that of Marathesium ^. Above these places is Magnesia""^, distinguished by the sur- name of the "Maeandrian," and sprung fromMagnesia inThes- saly : it is distant from Ephesus fifteen miles, and three more from Tralles. It formerly had the names of Thessaloche and Androlitia, and, lying on the sea-shore, it has withdrawn from the sea the islands known as the Derasidse* and joined them to the mainland. In the interior also is Thyatira^, washed by the Lycus ; for some time it was also called Pelopia and Euhippia^. Upon the coast again is Mantium, and Ephesus^, which was founded by the Amazons^, and formerly called by so many names : Alopes at the time of the Trojan war, after that Ortygia and Morges, and then Smyrna, with the surname of Trachia, as also Samornion and Ptelea. This city is built on Mount Pion, and is washed by the Cayster', a river which rises in the Cilbian range and brings down the waters of many streams^", as also of Lake Pegasseus^^, which receives 1 He implies that it is derived from 0wy^ " flight." - Between Ephesus and Neapolis. It belonged to the Samians who exchanged with the Ephesians for Neapohs, which lay nearer to their island. The modem Scala Nova occupies the site of one of them, it is uncertain which. 3 Its ruins are to be seen at the modern Inek-Bazar. It was situate on the river Lethseus, a tributary of the Mseander. It was famous for its temple of Artemis Leucophryene, the riiins of which stiU exist. 4 SeeB.ii. c. 91.
- Now known as Ak-Hissar or the " White Castle." Strabo informs
us that it was founded by Seleucus Nicator, ^ From the excellence of its horses. 7 Its ruins are to be seen near the modern Ayazaluk. It was the chief of the twelve Ionian cities on the coast of Asia Minor, and devoted to the worsliip of Artemis, whose temple here was deemed one of the won- ders of the world. Nothing, except some traces of its fomidations, is now to be seen of this stupendous building. ^ It was more generally said to have been founded by the Carians and the Leleges. ^ Now called the Kara-Su, or Black Eiver, or Kuchuk-Meinder, or Little Mseander. ^° It has been observed that though Pliny seems to say that the Cayster receives many streams, they must have had but a short course, and could only be so many channels by which the rivers descend from the mountain | elopes that shut in the contracted basin of the river. ' ^^ This lake or marsh seems to be the morass situate on the road from
