their absence he repeats the "open sesame" (which has thus become pi'overbial ), enters the cavern, and loads his ass with their treasures. His brother, Kasim, tries to imitate his success in carrying off their wealth, but after entering the cave, forgets the word "sesame," and so is entrapped and slain by the robbers. These then come to Ali Baba's house concealed in oil jars. They are discovered, however, by the ingenious slave girl, Morgiana, who kills them with boiling oil.
ALIBAUD, a'le'bo', Louis (1810-36). A French soldier and radical Republican, who attempted to kill King Louis Philippe at the gate of the Tuileries, June 2.5, 1836. He was guillotined July 11 of the same year.
ALIBERT, a'le'bar', Jean Louis (17661837). Physician to Louis XVIIL, of France. As chief physician of the hospital of St. Louis he devoted himself especially to a study of diseases of the skin. His chief work was Traiti complet des maladies de la peaii (1806-27).
ALI-BEY, a'la-ba' (1728-73). Mameluke ruler of Egypt. He was born in Abkhasia in the Caucasus, and when a boy was sold as a slave into Egypt. He gained the favor of his master, and rose to be one of the Mameluke beys. In 1760 he seized the Government, freed himself from the power of the Sultan, coined money, and assumed the rank of Sultan of Egypt. Soon afterward he captured and plundered Mecca, and undertook to conquer all Syria, in alliance with Daher, Pasha of Acre. xVt, Damascus, June 6, 1771, he routed the Turks with great slaughter and took possession of the city through his general, Mohammed; but the latter turned against him and, proceeding to Egypt, put an end to Ali-Bey's power at Cairo. Returning with an army from Syria, Ali-Bey was defeated at the battle of Salaiiieh, and perished a few days later.
AL'IBI (Lat. elsewhere) . A defense resorted to in criminal prosecutions, when the party accused, in order to prove that he could not have committed the crime with which he is charged, tenders evidence to the effect that he was in a different place at the time the offense was committed. When true, there can be no better proof of innocence; but, as ofi'ering the readiest and most obvious opportunity for false evidence, it is always regarded with suspicion. Consult Wharton, Criminal Law (Philadelphia, 1896).
ALICANTE, a'ls-kiin'ta. The chief town of a province of the same name in Spain (Map: Spain, E 3). It is picturesquely situated on a steep hill, at the bottom of which it extends along a level strip of land. This latter portion of the city is comparatively modern, well built, and convenient, with fine squares and promenades. The upper city is a jumble of narrow crowded streets. It possesses a collegiate church, two parish churches, two nunneries, a library, a bishop's palace, and a picture gallery. The town is overlooked by the castle of Santa Barbara from an eminence 850 feet above the sea. The town, which is, with the exception of Cadiz and Barcelona, the most important seaport of Spain, is strongly fortified. Alicante derives considerable revenue as a seaside resort; but its main source of wealth is the export trade, for it is the port of Valencia, and the oil and wine, silk and grain of that fertile province pass through this seaport to foreign countries. It has also a large tobacco factory, in which 6000 girls are employed. It is the seat of a United States consulate. Population, 1900, 50,495. Alicante (Lucentum) was an important town under the Romans, and its citizens had the Latin franchise. It was captured by the Moors in 713, and recaptured by Ferdinand III.
ALICATA, ii'le-kii'ta. See Licata.
AL'ICE. (1) The name of the Wife of Bath, in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
(2) In Shakespeare's Henry V., one of the Princess Katherine's ladies in waiting.
(3) The heroine of an Elizabethan tragedy, Arden of Feversham (q.v.).
(4) In Meyerbeer's opera Robert le Diable, the foster sister of Robert, who saves his soul from ruin.
ALICE MAXJD MA'RY, Princess, Grand Duchess OF Hesse-Darmstadt (1843-78). The second daughter of Queen Victoria, born April 25, 1843. She was much beloved by the English people for her amiability, gracious disposition, and domestic virtues. On July 1, 1862, she married Prince Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt. She died at Darmstadt, December 14, 1878, of diphtheria, a few days after the death of her youngest daughter from the same disease. Consult: Sell,, Letters icith Memoirs of Alice, Orand Duchess of Hesse (London, 1884); Helena (Princess Christian), Letters trith Memoirs of Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse (London, 1897).
ALICE, OR THE MYS'TERIES. A novel by Bulwer, published in 1838.
ALICE'S ADVEN'TTJRES IN WON'DERLAND. A storv for children, by Lewis Carroll (C. L. Dodgson), published in 1869. It is the narrative of a little girl's dream. A sequel to it is Through the Looking-Glass (1871).
ALICIA, a-lishl-a. (I) In Rowe's tragedy Jane tiliore (q.v.), a mischief-making lady who ruins the heroine, through jealousy, and goes mad herself.
(2) In Lillo's Arden of Feversham, the same character as Alice Arden, in the original Elizabethan tragedy of the same name.
ALICULUF, ii'le-koo-loof. A tribe occupying the central region of Tierra del Fuego, South America, and perhaps representing a distinct linguistic stock, although future investigation may establish a connection with the Yahgan or the Tehuelche ( q.v. ) . Although they go almost naked in the coldest weather, and huddle in shelters hardly deserving the name, they show great skill in the making of weapons, fishing utensils, and canoes, while the women weave water-tight baskets of reeds. They have also trained a native dog to hunting.
AL'IDADE (Ar. al-'idadah, the revolving arm). A radius bearing a vernier (q.v.), which travels around a graduated circumference. When an angle is to be measured, the alidade takes first the position of one arm of the angle and then of the other, and the arcs are "read" by the vernier; the difference of the two readings is the measure of the angle. See Compass.
AL'IEN (Lat. alienus, strange, foreign). One recognized by the State in which he sojourns as owing primary allegiance to a foreign sovereign. It is used ordinarily in contradistinction to citizen (q.v.). An alien may become a citizen by naturalization (q.v.). Alien friend and alien
