organized in 18.50. The goverment is administered liy town meetings, whieh eunvene liiennially til eleet officers and make approiiriations. Poi)., 1S!H), .-illll ; moo, 3092.
ALLEGHANIES. A name applied to a mountain range of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia, lying west of the Blue and Blue Ridge ranges, and having the same gen- eral direction, northeast to southwest {Map: United States. Eastern Part, K 3). Rich mines of coal and iron of varied character have been so highly developed as to make the adjoining regions the greatest in the world in coal mining and in the manufacture of iron and steel products. The term Alleghanies is sometimes incorrectly ex- tended to include the whole Appalachian system, of which it IS a part. See .Appalachians.
ALLEGHANY SPRINGS. .-V popular liealth resort in .Montgomery Co., Va., three miles south of Shawsville, on the Norfolk and Western Rail- road ; noted for its medicinal sjirings (Map: Virginia, D 4). There are also in this locality several mineral springs other tlian those men- tioned, of which the principal are the Montgom- ery White Sulphur and the Yellow Sulphur Springs.
ALLEGHENY. An important manufacturing city, in Allegheny Co., Pa,, on the north bank of the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, opposite Pittsburg (Map: Pennsylvania, A3), The Allegheny River is crossed by several large bridges, affording ample facilities for communication between the two cities, which form one industrial and social community. The most important indus- trial establishments are the extensive iron and steel rolling mills, and car and locomotive works; liut there are also manufactures of textile goods, (lour, salt, sanitary plumbing supplies, white lead, leather, stoves, ranges, and pickles and preserves. The river traffic, which is very im- portant, is controlled by Pittsburg. ( See Pitts- nuRU.) .llegheny is the terminus of the West- ern Pennsylvania, the Pittsburg and Western, and the Buffalo. Rochester, and Pittsburg; and is on the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago, the Cleveland and Pittsburg, the Pittsburg and lirie, and the Pittsburg and New Castle, all of which belong to the western division of the Penn- fcvlvania system. Electric street railways give additional' transit facilities to Pittsburg and neighboring towns.
The city h located on hilly ground, and covers an area of about twelve square miles. Tlie two most prominent buildings are the city hall and the public library, facing each other at the cross- ing of Ohio and Federal streets, while the public market is at a third corner. The Western (State) Penitentiary is located here. The Liberty Monu- nient, situated on an eminence in West Park, and others of local interest are prominent fea- tures. In the centre of the city is a public park of 100 acres, with fountains, lakes, and a monu- ment to Humboldt; and in the northern out- skirts Is Riverview Park. Allegheny Park and the Washington Monument are additional points of interest. The Allegheny Cieneral, Pres- byterian, and St. .John General hospitals, the colored Orphan Home, Ridge Avenue Orphans' Home, the Home of the Friendless, the Gusky Orphanage, the United Presbyterian Children's Home, and the Allegheny Industrial School are among the benevolent institutions of the city. Of important educational institutions there are three theological seminaries, connected with dif- ferent branches of the Presbyterian Church, and the Western University of Pennsylvania. The latter was established in 1819, and now has aljout 700 students, over 500 of whom are in the professional departments. The university and Allegheny Observatory occupy a high hill in the northern part of the city. In connection with the public schools there is a library of 17,000 volumes, but the Carnegie Public Library of 42.000 volumes is much more important. The university and seminary libraries are not acces- sible to the public.
Allegheny is a city of the second class. The administration is vested in a recorder, elected every three years, and a bicameral council. The recorder, with the consent of the select council, appoints the treasurer, assessors, department of law, the directors of public works, public safety, and public charities, recorder's clerk, and police magistrates. The council elects the city clerk. The comptroller is chosen by popular vote. The an- nual income and expenditures of the city amount to about .$2,830,000 and .$2,570,000, respectively, the principal items of expense being $130,000 for the police department. .$130,000 for the fire de- partment, .$350,000 for schools, $180,000 for the operation of the water works, and $80,000 for street lighting.
Allegheny was laid out in 1788, and was incor- porated as a borough in 1828, and in 1840 as a city. On July 4, 1874, occurred a disastrous fire, in which 199 buildings were consumed or badly damaged, and three weeks later a local flood, resulting from an abnormal rainfall, destroyed a great amount of property and caused 124 deaths. The city"s growth since 1870 has been remarkable. Pop., 1870, .53,180; 1880, 78,682; 1890, 105,287; 1900, 129,890, including 30,200 persons of foreign birth and 3300 of negro descent. Consult: T. Gushing, History of Alle- gheny County (Chicago, 1889) ; and Lambing and White. Allegheny County: Its Early His- ton/ and Subsequent Development (Pittsburg, 1888).
ALLEGHENY COL'LEGE. An American college, situated at Meadville, Pa. It was found- ed in 1815 as a Presbyterian institution, but passed in 1833 to the control of the Methodist Church. The value of the buildings, grounds, and apparatus is estimated at $325,000, and the productive endowment is $445,000. There are a civil engineering, a scientific, a classical, and a Latin and modern languages course. In 1900 the number of professors and tutors was 17, and there were 191 students in the college and 132 in the preparatory school. The library contains 15,000 volumes.
ALLEGHENY RIVER. A river of Pennsylvania and New York, rising in Potter Co., Pa., nearly 2000 feet above the sea, and uniting with the Jlonongahela at Pittsburg to form the Ohio (Map: Pennsylvania, B 2). Although flowing through a hilly region, it is navigable for nearly 200 miles above Pittsburg, whence, via the Ohio and Mississippi, the navigation extends to the Gulf of Mexico. The river is 325 miles long, and drains an area of 11,000 square miles.
ALLE'GIANCE (Lat. ad, to -f O. F. and Engl, licfic but the formation was influenced by Lat. allifiare, to bind to, and also by leon, law), ".'llegiance," saj-s Blackstone, "is the tie, or ligamcn. which binds the subject to the sovereign, in return for that protection
