<Bath, 1832) ; Gibber, Apology, ed. Belleham- bers (London, 1822) : Doran, Anmih of ihc Stage, ed Lowe (London, 1888) : Baker, Eng- lish Actors from Shakespeare to llacready (New York. 1879) ; and Gait, hires of the PUnjcrs (London, 1831).
BARRY, James (174MS06). An Irish
painter. He was born at Cork, October 11, 1741,
the son of a sea captain and inn-keeper. It is
said that in his youth he decorated his father's
house with reproductions of Raphael's cartoons
A picture. "The Conversion of the King of Cashel
by Saint Patrick," exhibited at Dublin, attracted
tlie notice of Burke, who brought the painter
to London and presently sent him to study in
Paris and Rome. He returned to London in
1770, and exhibited his works with success. He
was a man of high ideals, and a hard worker,
ready to sacrifice his comfort for his art. His
masterpiece is the series of six pictures, repre-
senting "Human Culture." painted upon the
walls of the Great Room of the Society of Arts
at the Adelphi; and this work he did without
charge, though he had to engrave for print-
sellers at night in order to buy food. But with
this loftiness of spirit went a hot temper, which
embroiled him constantly with other artists. He
was elected to the Ro};al Academy in 1773, and
in 1782 was appointed professor of painting to
the Academy. In his lectures, he severely criti-
cised other academicians, so that in 1709 he was
deprived of his chair and expelled from the in-
stitution. During the remainder of his life he
was very poor. His frien.ls, among whom were
many of the celebrated men of the time, bought
Barry an annuity of £120, but he did not live
to receive the iirst payment. He died February
22, 1800, of pleuritic fever; his body lay in state
in' the Society of Arts and was buried in Saint
Paul's. .
Barry was a writer as well as a painter. His letters and works on art were collected and pub- lished with a memoir (London, 1809). As a painter his technique was faulty, but his conceptions -svere of a lofty character. His best-known works are '-The Victors of Olvmpia" ( one of the deco- rations in the Society of Arts) ; "Philoctetes in the Isle of Lemnos"; "Adam and Eve" (in the South Kensington Museum ) ; "Death of General ^Volfe" (curious because the painter represented all the figures as nude) ; and "Venus Rising from the Sea." Consult: Colvin, "James Barry," The Portfolio (London, 1873) ; Wilmot- Buxton, English and American Painters (New York, 1883) ; Cunningham's Lires of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculptors, and Archi- tects (London, 1829-33).
BARRY, John (1745-1803). An American
mval otliccr. He was born in Ireland, came to
merica about 1700. and settling in Philadel-
phia, acquired wealth as master of a merchant
vessel He was appointed to command the brig
Lexington in 1770. and captured the tender Ed-
ward 'the first ship ever taken by a commissioned
ollicer of the United States Navy. In 17,7 he
captured a British war vessel in the Delaware,
and in 1778 was given command of the Haletgh,
which was soon afterwards pursued and driven
ashore by a British man-of-war. In 1781, while
returning from France in the Alhanee, he cap-
tured two vessels, but was severely wounded.
He was the first senior officer, with the rank of
commodore, after the reorganization of the nary
in 1794.
BARRY, Sir John Woi-fe (1836 — ). An
English engineer. He was born in London, and
was educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond,
and at King's College, London. He was resident
engineer during the construction of the bridges
over the Thames and the stations at Charing
Cross and Cannon Street, and afterwards built
the present bridge over the Thames at Black-
friars, the Barrv Dock, near Cardifl' (the larg-
est in Great Britain), the Tower Bridge, and
numerous railroads and other engineering works.
During a visit to the Argentine Republic in 1872,
he planned the railroad from Buenos Ayres to
Rosario. He was subsequently employed as con-
sulting engineer on the underground-railway
system of Glasgow, known as the Glasgow Cen-
tral Railway. His publications include Railway
Appliances (in the series entitled "Text-books of
Science." 1870) ; Lectures on Railnays and Loco-
7notires (1882) ; The Toicer Bridge (1894).
BARRY, Martin (1802-55). An English
physiologist; born at Fratton, Hants. He stud-
ied medicine in London, at the University of
Edinburgh, and under Tiedemanu at Heidelberg.
He wrote much on physiological subjects, and
especially on animal development and embry-
ology. Until the publication of his papers in- the
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London in 1840-43, it was not known that
spermatozoa actually penetrate the ovum. He
also first demonstrated the segmentation of the
yolk in mammals. His means being ample, Barry
gave his professional services largely to the poor.
He acted as house-surgeon to the Edinburgh
Royal Mateniity Hospital.
BARRY, Spranger (1719-77). A British
actor, born in Dublin. He first played at the Thea-
tre Roval in his native city in February, 1744,
and re'mained there two years. On October 4,
1740, he appeared for the first time in Lon-
don, as Othello at the Drury Lane Theatre,
where his gifts were quickly recognized, and it
was not long before he and Garrick were play-
ing Macbeth and Hamlet in alternation upon
the same stage. But Garrick had control of the
house, and in 1750 Barrv withdrew to Covent
Garden. There he and IMrs. Gibber played
Romeo and Juliet, while Garrick and Mrs.
Bellamy were appearing in the same piece at
Drury Lane, a rivalry continued to the weari-
ness of the town, as expressed in the well-known
line. "A plague o' both your houses!" In 1758
Barrv planned a new theatre in Dublin, and three
years later one in Cork; but as a manager he
did not succeed, and he returned to London.
For a time he plaved at the Haymarket, and
then, after 1767, under Garrick's management
at Drurv Lane. He married Mrs. Dancer in 1 1 08,
and went with her in 1774 to Covent Garden.
Barrv won manv laurels in Shakespearean trag-
edy and created" a number of parts, among them
Aliihomet, in Johnson's Irene (1749); Young
Norval, in Home's Douglas (1757); and Evan-
der. in Murphv's The (Irecian Daughter (In-)-
Consult: Genest, History of the English Stage
(Bath 1832) ; Doran, Annals of the Stage, ed.
Lowe (London, 1888): Pollock, in Actors and
Actresses of Great Britain and the UnUed States,
ed. Matthews and Hutton (New York, 1886).
