ARMY REG'ISTER, United States. The official publication issued each year from the adjutant-general's office, by the secretary of war. It contains a list of the officers of the army, giving the department, regiment, or corps to which they belong, or are assigned; together with information regarding their place of birth, the State from which appointed, whether entered from civil life or the Military Academy, date of entry, and rank held at the time; also the dates of commissions held in the permanent establishment and in the volunteer service, together with the highest brevet rank. It also contains a list of retired officers and aides to general officers; the officers and professors of the Military Academy, and the first five cadets of each class. The lineal rank and the relative rank of officers are given, as well as the officers who have been commissioned for distinguished services, who have received the thanks of Congress, and who have held staff appointments other than under commission, and on whom brevet rank has been conferred. Recipients of medals of honor and certificates of merit are also listed. The casualties during the year are given, as well as military commands and posts, armories, arsenals, and recruiting, engineer, and ordnance depots. There are included statements regarding the organization and pay of the army and militia forces of the United States; the students at universities, colleges, etc., and the honor graduates of the artillery, infantry, and cavalry schools. All foreign nations issue similar lists; in Great Britain it is known as the Army List, and is issued quarterly, and in abridged form monthly. This is necessary owing to the constant changes of stations and assignments incidental to the itineration of the army.
ARMY SCHOOLS. Schools for the educa-
tion of non-commissioned officers and men and
their children. In the United States they are
known as Post Schools. The most important
factor in the making of a thoroughly efficient
soldier is a good education. Modern war tactics
place more and more responsibility on the in-
dividual soldier, and the comparative distance,
which the private often is, in action, from those
from whom he usually takes his orders, makes it
absolutely essential that he be trained in the
proper use of every faculty. Non-commissioned
officers are the backbone of the modern army, so
that what is strongly encouraged in the private
is an imperative necessity in their case. In all
the armies of to-day, the most exacting and rigid
examinations are compulsory for all soldiers
desirous of promotion. In the British and most
of the Continental armies, the education of the
soldier is compulsory up to a certain point, and
is strongly encouraged beyond that. The educa-
tional test always precedes the military or purely
professional examination, without the successful
passing of which, the latter is impossible. To
such a high degree of efficiency in fact have these
nations brought this branch, that it is possible
for a soldier to enlist, absolutely illiterate, and
at the conclusion of his service, leave with the
equivalent of a civil college education. In Ger-
many, opportunities for technical mechanical
education are also available. Schoolmasters are
a part of their army system and are classified
for purposes of pay and promotion. In the
United States the post school is the direct con-
cern of the officer commanding the post. Efficient
officers are assigned as instructors, and, when necessary, enlisted men possessing the required qualifications are detailed for this purpose, in the proportion of not exceeding one to every fifteen men attending school. If there is a chaplain stationed at the post, he is usually placed in charge. The general supervision of army schools is directed from the headquarters of the respective department commanders, but their official inspection is performed by officers of the inspector-general's department. Post schools for the children of soldiers are also main- tained where the number needing such instruc- tion is sufficient, and where schools outside the post are not available; at these schools the at- tendance for the children of officers is optional, and for the children of non-commissioned officers and men compulsory. Children of citizens living outside the post are allowed to attend, but are expected, if able, to pay a small rate therefor. In the case of enlisted men, the Government sup- plies all the books necessary.
AR'MY-WORM (so named from travelings
in great numbers). In the northern United
States the larva or caterpillar of a dark-gray,
yellow-striped moth (Leucania unipuncta), a
species closely related to the cut-worms. (See
plate of Army-Worm.) The army-worm is always
present in the United States, but only occasionally becomes numerous enough to do much damage. During an early dry spring, it may increase in numbers so that it is obliged to march — that is to say, to go in search of food. It usually feeds on grass, but may destroy fields of grain and Indian corn. The term is frequently applied to other caterpillars of occasional prevalence and harm in fields, especially the so-called 'fall' army-worm (Laphygma frugiperda), elsewhere described as Grass-Worm. Consult Third Report United States Entomological Commission (Washington, 1883).
ARNA, iir'na
(Hind., fem. arnī). The Indian buffalo. See Buffalo.
ARNABOLDI, iir'na bol'de,
Alessandro (1827-98). An Italian lyric poet. He was born at Milan, and after studying law at Pavia he obtained a municipal appointment at Milan, where he remained for eighteen years, but in 1873 resigned in order to devote himself exclusively to letters. His first volume, Versi (1872), attracted immediate attention both at home and abroad, and he found himself hailed as a second Leopardi and Manzoni. Arnaboldi's verse is grave and dignified, and remarkable for the æsthetic quality of the descriptive passages, especially in his long series of poems devoted to Greece and Sicily. Richard Garnett has found in some of his lyrics a resemblance to those of Matthew Arnold; and it has been remarked that he shows the influence of the Germans, particularly Goethe. In addition to his first volume he left I poeti d'azione and Nuovi versi (1888). Some translations from the Versi may be found in E. Lee Hamilton's Poems and Transcripts (Edinburgh and London, 1878).
ARNASON, ;ir'na-son,
Jon (1819-88). An Icelandic writer, born at Reykjavik, Iceland. He is called 'the Grimm of Iceland' because of his collection of Popular Legends and Tales of Iceland (1862-64), and other folk-lore of his country, of which he was for many years the national librarian. The collection of popular tales is exhaus-
