picture "Ulysses and Nausicaa." During his long residence in Rome he sent to the Paris art exhibitions several pictures, which were composed and executed with classic sentiment. He returned to Paris in 1867. Among his numerous paintings the following are especially noteworthy: "Etruscan Tombs at Sutri, near Velletri," "Saint Peter's," "Torre de Schiavi." "Tivoli," "Castel Fusano," "Pic du Midi" (1872, acquired by Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York), "After the Bath" (1883), "Ford of Malavaux" (1885).
BENRATH, ben'rat, Karl (1845—). A German Protestant theologian. He was born in Düren, and studied at the universities of Bonn, Berlin, and Heidelberg. In 1871 he went to Italy, where for several years he devoted himself to scientific research. He has been professor at the universities of Bonn (1879) and Königsberg (1890). Among his theological writings, most of which are devoted to the history of the Reformation in Italy, the following are especially noteworthy: Geschichte der Reformation in Venedig (1887); Bernardino Ochino von Siena (1892): Geschichte des Hauptvercius der Gustav-Adolf Stiftung für Ostpreussen (1894). Benrath was one of the founders of the Rivista cristiana.
BENSERADE, baN's'-rad', Isaac de (1612-91). A French poet, born at Lions-la-Forêt (Normandy). He wrote verses for the interludes performed at the French court, a translation of the Metamorphoses of Ovid, and some formal tragedies. He is best known, however, for a sonnet on Job, written to accompany his paraphrase of the Book of Job. This sonnet was declared by many to rival Voiture's Uranie, and for a time the court was divided into 'Jobelins' and 'Uranins.' Benserade's collected works appeared in 1697 (2 vols.). Uzenne prepared a new edition of the poems (1875).
BENS'LEY, Robert (?-c.1817). An English actor, chiefly remembered for his acting of the part of Malvolio, and for Charles Lamb's admiration of him. The facts of his history are very imperfectly recorded, though from 1765 till 1796 he was a well-known performer at the Drury Lane, Covent Garden, and Haymarket theatres. His first appearance, so far as known, was in Venice Preserved; his last was in The Grecian Daughter, in 1796. The closing years of his life appear to have been spent in the quiet enjoyment of an inherited fortune. Consult Lamb, Essays of Elia (London, 1853).
BEN'SON, Arthur Christopher (1862—). An English author. He was born April 24, 1862, the eldest son of Archbishop Benson of Canterbury, and brother of E. F. Benson (q.v.). He was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, taking first class in classics (1884), and he became master of Eton College in 1885, a position which he still holds. Among his prose works are Memoirs of Arthur Hamilton (1886), a novel; Archbishop Laud (1887); A Biographical History of Eton (1889); Essays (1896); Life of Archbishop Benson (1899). He published volumes of graceful verse in 1893, 1895, 1896, and 1900.
BENSON, Carl (1820-74). The pen name of Charles Astor Bristed. He published Five Years in an English University, and The Upper Ten Thousand in New York.
BENSON, Edward Frederic (1867—). An English author, and son of Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was educated at King's College, Cambridge; published Dodo (1893); Six Common Things (1893); Rubicon (1894); Limitations (1896), and The Babe, B.A. (1897).
BENSON, Edward White, D.D. (1829-96). Archbishop of Canterbury. He was born near Birmingham, England, July 14, 1829. He was graduated at Cambridge in 1852, and entered holy orders. For some years he was a master at Rugby, and held the head mastership of Wellington College from its opening, 1858, until 1872, when he was appointed a chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral. In 1877 he was made the first Bishop of Truro, and on the death of Archbishop Tait (1882) was appointed his successor, being consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, March 29, 1883. He was one of the ablest in the long line of prelates. His publications were mostly sermons, charges, and contributions to periodicals; but he completed just before his sudden death at Hawarden, October 11, 1890, an elaborate and lifelong study on Cyprian: His Life, Times, and Work (London, 1897); and indicative of his fine spirit are Prayers, Public and Private, Compiled, Written, or Translated (1899). See his Life by his son, Arthur Christopher Benson (London, 1899, 2 vols.; abridged ed., 1901).
BENSON, Egbert (1746-1833). An American jurist and author. He was born in New York City, and in 1777 became a member of the first New York State Legislature. He served in Congress (1784-88, 1789-93, and 1813-15), and was judge of the State Supreme Court from 1794 to 1801, when he became judge of the United States Circuit Court. He was a regent of the University of New York (1789-92); first president of the New York Historical Society (1817-20); and the author of A Vindication of the Captors of Major André (1817) and a Memoir on Dutch Names of Places (1835).
BENT, James Theodore (1852-97). An English traveler and archæologist. He was born near Leeds, and studied at Wadham College, Oxford. He made archæological journeys to Greece, Asia Minor, Abyssinia, Arabia, the Bahrein Islands, and South Africa, chiefly under the direction of the Royal Geographical Society. In 1891 he went to Mashonaland to examine and partially to excavate the ruins of the Great Zimbabwe, discovered by Mauch in 1871. His interesting report on the results achieved assigns to the ruins an Arabian origin. In 1894 he explored a portion of the southeastern coast of Arabia. His works include The Cyclades, or Life Among the Insular Greeks (1885); The Ruined Cities of Mashonaland (1892); The Sacred City of the Ethiopians (1890). He also edited for the Hakluyt Society a volume on Early Travels in the Levant.
BENT, Silas (1820-89). An American naval officer who first delineated and described the Kuro Shiwo, the great equatorial and northward stream of the Pacific, which distributes the hot water of the tropics into northern regions. He was born in Saint Louis, Mo., October 10, 1820, and was a grandson of Captain Bent, the commander of "the Tea Party Regiment" that in 1773 threw the British tea overboard in Bos-
