was released by a Russian flying corps. He was professor of Romanee languages at the Univer- sity of Halle in 1822, and from 1838 to 1800 was one of the preachers at the cathedral of that city. Professor Blanc is known chietly for his numerous and scholarly treatises on Dante. His most important works are his Gramnuitik dcr italienischcn Sprac/ic (1844), the first attempt to trace the history of the development of the forms and laws of that language; Vocaholario Dantexco, in French (1852); and his transla- tion of the D!vi?ie Comedy, with commentary (1SG4). His Handbuch des Wissensiciirdignten aus dr.r Xotur und Oeschichte del- Erde und. Hirer Bcwuhner (18G7-U9) also enjoyed a wide popularity.
BLANC, blaN, ]Iarie THi:R£sE. See Bent-
zox, Tn.
BLANC, Paul Joseph (1846-1904). A French
painter. He was born in Paris, and studied with
Bin and Cabanel, obtaining in 1807 the second
prize in the competition contest for the prix de
Rome. Among his principal works are the fol-
lowing: "Murder of Laius by CEdipus" (1867) ;
"Perseus" (Luxembourg, 1870) ; "The Invasion"
(1873); "The Vow of Clovis in the Battle of
Tolbiac" (1870) ; "Brigand's Wife" (1878) ;
"The Triumph of Clovis" (1881) ; "The Tiber"
<18S5).
BLANCHARD, blilN'shar', Augu.ste Thomas
TMarie (18iy— ). A French engraver, born in
Paris He was the pupil of his father, Augusts
Jean B. M. Blanchard (1792-1849). He devoted
himself to engraving modern jiiitures. and ex-
hibited with success at the Universal Exposi-
tions of 1855. 1807. and 1878. He received many
medals, and in 1801 the decoration of the Legion
of Honor. In 1888 he was made a member of
the Academic des Beaux- Arts. He is considered
one of the first engravers of France.
BLANCHARD, blan'ehard, Edward Litt La-
man (1820-89). An English journalist and dra-
matist. He was born in London, and in 1831
accompanied his father, the well-known comedian,
William Blanchard. to New York, where he ap-
peared upon the stage. Returning to England,
he was engaged during the rest of his life as a
dramatic critic for various papers and a writer
of numerous plays, farces, and pantomimes. Of
the latter he composed over a hundred, which for
beauty and fancy of conception have never been
equaled, furnishing the Drury Lane pantomime
for thirty-seven consecutive years. He was also
a prolific writer of short stories, and was a staff
writer at different times on the Hunday Times,
the Wrekly Dixpdlrh. the Ohscrver, the London
Figaro, and the Daily Telryraph, his connection
with the latter p:i]H'r extending from 1803 until
his death He edited Thomas Dugdale's i?)i<;-
larnl and AVales Delineated (1800) and Willough-
by's Shakespeare; and was tlie author of two
novels. Temple Bar and Man Without a Destiny,
and of several guide-books. Consult Scott and
Howard (editors). Life of E. L. L. Blanchard
(London. 1S91).
BLANCHARD, blilN'shar', Emile (1820-
1900). A French naturalist, born in Paris. .s
assistant naturalist to the museum, he was sev-
eral times appointed to represent Milne-Edwards
in the entomologv course. He was apjiointcd a
member of the Academy of Sciences in 1802. and
president of that institution in 1881. The follow-
in^ are his principal works: Ilisloire naturelle
des insectes orthoptcres, neuropt(rcs,etc. (1841) ;
Histoire des insectes, traitant de leurs maurs et
de leurs metu}nori>hoscs en general (1845); La
soologie ayricole (1854 et seq.) ; L'Organisation
du rcgiic animal (1851-04).
BLANCHARD, Francois (1738-1809). A
French aeronaut. In 1784 he attempted to build
a balloon with wings or sails and a rudder, and
in 1785 he crossedthe English Channel by bal-
loon. In the .same year he used, for the first
time, a parachute according to Montgolfier"s
ideas, and laid claim to the invention. He came
to the United States in 1790, and gave many
balloon exliibitions. In 1798, at Rouen, he took
up sixteen persons in a single balloon and landed
them safely fifteen miles away. He lost his life
in 1809 during a balloon ascent. See Aeronau-
tics.
BLANCHARD, blfln'chord, Samuel Laman
(1804-45). An English journalist and author,
born at Great Yarmouth. He studied at Saint
Olave's School, and became clerk to a proctor
of Doctors' Commons. He subsequently wrote
for a journal called The Drama, and was a trav-
eling player and a proof-reader. In 1827 he was
appointed secretary to the ZoJilogical Society,
and in 1828 published Lyric Offerings, a vol-
ume of verse dedicated to Charles Lamb. He
was appointed acting editor of the Monthly Mag-
azine in 1831, and in 1832 of the True Sun,
a Liberal newspaper. He also edited the Court
Journal in 1887, the Courier in 1837-39, George
Cruikshanlc's Omnibus in 1842, and was a mem-
ber of the Examiner staff from 1841 until his
death. He numbered among his friends Douglas
.leiTold, Dickens, Ijcigh Hunt, B. W. Procter,
Browning. Cruikshniik, and Bulwer - Lyttim.
Some of his essays were collected by Bulwer as
Sketches of Life (1840), and his poems by Blan-
chard .Jerrold (1876). Another collection of
essays appeared in 1855 as Corporation Char-
acters.
BLANCHARD, Thomas (1788-1864). An
American mecliaiiic and inventor. Among his
inventions were : a machine for making tacks,
one for turning gun-barrels, a lathe for turning
gun-stocks and otlier irregular shapes; a steam-
wagon, before locomotives were used ; contrivan-
ces to aid steamboats in ascending rapids, and
a machine for bemling large timber. He received
more than 25 patents for important inventions.
BLANCHE, bliiNsh, August Theodor (1811-
08). A Swedish poet. He was born in Stock-
holm, and studied law at the University of Up-
sala. In literature he displayed remarkable
productivity anil versatility. The works by
which he established his reputation were the
comedies respectively entitled Uittebarnet
(1847); Rika Morbror (1845); and En tragcdi
i Wimmerby (1848) — which are still considered
among the ornaments of Swedish dramatic lit-
erature. His complete works, with a biographi-
cal sketch by Hedin, were published at Stockholm
in 1891.
BLANCHEELEUR, bliiNsh'fler'. See Flore
ET IJLAXCIlKFI.Efl!.
BLANCHE-LYON, bl.'inch'll'iin (from the
figure of a white lion). The title of one of the
Englisli ]iursuivaiits-at-arms. See I'i'rsuivant.
BLANCHE OF CASTILE, kas-tel' (1187-1252). The daughter of Alfonso IX. of Castile
