BLANK VERSE. 161 BLARNEY. measures, each measure having two syllables. A stress of the voice, varj-ing in degree, comes regularly on the second syllable in each measure, though this stress is frequently throwTi back upon the first syllable. Still greater ease of movement is attained by an extra syllable at the end of a line or before the c.psura. Any measure may also contain three syllables, and measures occur in which there is only one syllable. This structure may be illustrated by Macbeth: This e&s | tie h4th | a pl^as | ant seat ; 1 the afr NImblj I and swi^tj ly r€ | commands | itsfU t'lito our g«n | tlessns | es. | This gu^st | oJsflm | mer, etc. Again : The mfil | titti | dinous sfas | incftr | nadfne. The classical productions of the Greek and Homan poets — at least such of them as have come down to us — are composed without rhyme ; and, accordingly, when the passion for imitating clas- sical models set in, rhyme came to be looked upon as an invention of Gothic barbarism, and attempts were made in several countries to shake it off. The first specimen of blank verse in English is a translation of the second and fourth books of Vergil's jEneid, by the Earl of Surrey, who was executed in 1.547 ; but it had been used by Italian and Spanish writers as «arly as about the beginning of that century. Surrey derived it from Italy. First employed in the drama by Sackville in Gorboduc (15til), it was perfected by Marlowe and Shakespeare. It has since continued dominant in our poetic drama, if we except the elfort made by Dryden and others, after the Restoration, to return to rhymed plays. But in other kinds of poetry, it was not till the appearance of Paradise Lost (16G7) that it could be said to have taken root; and even then the want of rhymes was felt, as the poet expected it would be. Many poets have since followed ililton's example; and English narrative, didactic, and descriptive poetry is partly in blank verse, partly in rhymed couplets. Of recent poets, Tennyson and Browning have written the best blank verse. In Italian and Spanish it never became popular, and still less in French. But under the influence of the Eng- lish example, it was introduced into Germany by Lcssing and others. Consult: Major, Chap- ters on Enf/lish Metre (London, 1886, revised ed., 1901 ) ; anil J. Schipper, Eiiglische Metrik, Part II. (Bonn. 1888). See Rhyme. BLANQiri, bliiN'ke', J£h6me Adolphe (1798- 1854). A French economist. He was born in Nice, November 28. 1798. After 1814 he pur- sued his studies in Paris, where, under the influ- ence of J. B. Say, he turned to political economy. Upon Say's recommendation, he was appointed in 1825 professor of history and of industrial economy in the Commercial Sehof)l in Paris. On the death of Say he was appointed professor of industrial economy in the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, and was one of the editors of the Dic- tionnaire dc I'induf^trie manufacturiere, commer- ciale et agricole. .At the instance of the Academy •of Moral and Political Sciences he prepared studies of economic conditions in Corsica, Algeria, and in England. He died in Paris on .January 28, 18.54. His principal works are: Resunii de I'histoire du commerce et de I'industrie (Paris, 1826) ; PrMs ^Umcntaire d'eeonomie politique, prfcMi d'une introduction hi.tlorique. rt suivi d'une bioqrriphie des i^rononiistes, etc. (1826); and, most important of all, the Histoire de I'cconomic politique en Europe, depuis les an- cicns jusqu'a nos jours suivie d'une bibliographie raisonnee des principaux ouvruges d'iconomie politique (4th ed., 1860). BLANQTJI, Louis Auguste (1805-81). A French revolutionist and a member of the Paris Conmiime. He was a brother of .JiirOme Adolphe Blanqui (q.v.), and was born at Puget-Theniers, in the Department of Alpes-ifaritimes, February 7, 1805. Yhile studying law and medicine in Paris, he became closely identified with the Revolutionarj- movement, and took an active part in the disturbances which led to the overthrow of Charles X. He became one of the most promi- nent leaders of the Parisian proletariat and an irreconcilable enemy of the bourgeoise govern- ment of Louis Philippe. With Barb&s (q.v.) he was the instigator of the insurrection of May 12, 1839, and as a result was condemned to death, the sentence- being commuted, however, to im- prisonment for life. The February Revolution set him free. He was one of the leaders of the mob which, on May 15, 1848, attempted to storm the hall of the National Assembly, and was condemned to ten years' imprisonment. Liber- ated in 1859, he lived in London for some time, and returning to Paris in 1801, speedily suc- ceeded in incurring a sentence of four years' im- prisonment as an instigator to riot. In 1871 he took part in the insurrection which led to the establishment of the Paris C«mmtme, and became svibsequently a memljer of the Communal Gov- ernment. After the taking of Paris by the troops from Versailles, Blanqui was sentenced to trans- portation to New Caledonia ; but in consideration of his infirmities, the aged man was sent to prison instead. He was pardoned in 1879, and died January 1, 1881. With Armand Barbfes, whose coadjutor he was in the events of 1839 and 1848, Blanqui stands out as the type of the fanatic reformer engendered by the French Revolution and the democratic movement of the Nineteenth Century. Idealist and fighter in one, with no recognition for the limitations of actuality, he was but a lineal descendant of the men of 1793, who attempted to regenerate the world through terror. The sincerity of his beliefs was attested by nearly half a lifetime spent in prison. Blan- qui was the author of a scientific work entitled L'eternite dans les astres (1872). His writings on economic subjects were published in 1885, under the title of Critique sociale. The name Blanquistes is now borne bj' the radical wing of the Socialist Party in France. BLANQUILLO, blan-kel'yfi (Sp., whitish, dimin. of bianco, white). A fish of the family LatilidiE (see TiLE-Flsn), which inhabit warm seas. A common species in southern California is the yellow-tail (q.v.), but the name is most specifically applied to the reddish Caulolatilua chrysops of the Gulf of Mexico. BLANTYRE'. The chief to«-n of the British Central Africa Protectorate (q.v.). BLAR'NEY (Irish hlairne, a little field, from Gael, hliiir. hUir. a plain). village in Ireland, four miles from Cork, having a castle built in 1449. by Cormac McCarthy. Near the castle are the "Groves of Blarney.' and on the .summit of the castle-tower is the Blarney Stone, the kissing of which is said to endow one with the gift of coaxing, wheedling, and flattering. The true stone, however, is one set into a wall, where it
