BOGOTA. 230 BOHEMIA. capital of the Vieeroyalty of New Granada, and it was the mecting-phioe in 1811 of the Congress that followed Venezuela in declaring for a repub- lic (November 12). The Spaniards seized it in 181(), but it was reca])lured. and on the proclamation of the independence of the vice- royalty {-Inly 20, 181!>) it became the capital of the Republic of Colombia, which split up into three States — Venezuela, Ecuador, and New Granada — in 18.31, since which time it has been the seat of the Governnient of New Granada, later Colombia. Population, about 100,000. BOG-SPAVIN. See Spavin, Boo. BOG-TROTTER. An appellation sometimes contemptuously given to the lower class of the Irish |)casantry. It owes its point to the ability acquired by many of thera of traversing the ex- ten.sive bogs of their native country, wlicre a stranger would find no secure footing, and in the fiequent use which they have made of this means of escape from soldiers, officers of police, or other pursuers. BOGUE, bog, David (1750-1825). A Scot- tish preacher, and the organizer of the London Missionary Society. He was educated at Edin- burgh University," and in 1771 went to London, where he was for some time employed as a teacher. He afterwards accepted the charge of an Independent church at Gosport, where he established a seminary for the education of stu- dents who (jurposed to become Independent min- isters, and in 1795 he and others organized the London Missionary Society. He also took an active part in the establishment of the British and Foreign Bible Society and of the Religious Tract Society. He was the author of An ICssay on the Dioine Auiluirity of the New Testament (1801), which has had a wide circulation; Dis- courses on the Millennium (1813-1816) : and, in cnniu'ction with Dr. James Bennet, a History of Dissenters, from KISS to ISOS (1812). Consult Morison, Fathers and Founders of the London Missionary Hoeiety (London, 1840). BOGUE FORTS. Forts of granite masonry, creeled liy the Chinese on the rocky islands in the channel of the Boca Tigris (q.v.), to defend the api)roaeh to the city of Canton. One remarkable island mass of rounded granite with precipitous sides, rising to a height of about 400 feet, seemed to the Chinese as a tiger's head, though Euro- peans imagine that of an elephant. The waters of the channel formed the tiger's mouth, or, as the Portugiiese translated it, 'boca tigris.' These forts were attacked and captured by the British in 1841 and again in 1850, and are now demolished. BOGUSLAV, bd'goo-slaf. A town of the Government of Kiev, Russia, situated on the river Rossa, about 100 miles from the city of Kiev. It has a trade in woolens, leather, and sheepskins, and a population of 0000, 07 per cent, of which is Jewish. The town was annexed to Russia in 1703. BOGTJSLAWSKI, bo'goo-slav'skf, Adalhert (175!ilS2'J) . A Polish actor and playwright, born in Glinno. In 1700 he was appointed di- rector of the Royal Theatre in Warsaw, where he establi.shed a school of dramatic instruction. He is to be regarded as the real founder of a Polish natiomU dranui, to whose repertory he contril)ntc(l a large numl)er of translations and original works. He also introduced opera into Poland. A complete edition of his dramas, in nine volumes, a|>])eared in Warsaw in ISJd J.",. BOHADDIN, bo'hA-den', or BEHA-EDDIN (AliUL-JlolIASSEN YuSfF-IBX-SlfEDDAU) (1145- 1234). An Arabian historian and statesman. He was born in Mosul, and after concluding his studies there settled lirst as a tutor in Bagdad, but in 1173 he returned to his native place, in 1187 he went on a pilgrimage to Alecca and Medina, and later to Jerusalem and Dannisevis. By a work on the Lau-s and Diseipline of Sacred- War, he attracted the attenti(m of Saladin, and until the death of that prince he was in his em- ploy as cadi of .Jerusalem and of the army. After the death of Saladin he remained in the service of Saladin's successor as cadi of Ale[)])o, where^ with his own means he established a school. His most important work was a Life of Saladin, which was published, with a Latin tran.slatiou by Schultcus (T.eyden, 1732). He died in 1234. BOHE'MIA (Med. Lat., from Lat. Boiohw- mum, from lioii, a Celtic tribe + OH(i. heim, Old Sax. hem, liouie; called by its Slavic inhabitants, the Czechs, Cechy) . A former kingdom of Eu- rope, and now a crownland of the Cisleithan (Austrian) half of the Au.stro-Hungarian mon- ardiy (ilap: Austria, D 2). It occupies the northwestern end of Austria, and is bounded by Saxony on the northwest, Prussian Silesia on tile northeast, Moravia and Lower Austriii on the southeast. Upper Austria on the south, and Bavaria on the southwest. Extending from lati- tude 48° 34' to 51° 3' N., and from longitude- Pi" 7' to 1G° 50' E., it comprises an area of 20,- 000 square miles. Bohemia is separated from Germany by moun- tain barriers, which cover all the three sides on which it touches that empire. The Bohemian Forest forms the boundary line on the southwest, the Erzgebirge, or t)re .biuntains, on the north- west, and the Riesengebirge. or Giant Mountains, on the northeast. These mountain ranges, to- gether with the Bohemian-Moravian highlands, in the southeast, form a great basin, in the shape of a lozenge. In the interior there are some minor elevations. The rivers of Bolieinia, with a few exceptions. How from south to north. The Elbe, which rises on the northeastern fron- tier, with its nnnicroiis tril)utaries, drains the larger ]iart of the area, .fter the Elbe, (he chief rivers of Bohemia are the Moldau and the Eger, botli tril)utaries of the Ellie. In the nortliwest- ern part of the country are famous mineral springs, including those of Karlsbad, Marienbad, Franzenshad, and Tejilitz. The climate of Bohemia is continental in its. character. The average annual temperature of Prague, in the centre of the region, is 48.0°. The maximum reached at Prague, for a period of 30 years, is 97.5° F., and the minimum is 10.24° F. The climate is healthy thnuighout, mild in the valleys and cold in the mountains, the higher peaks being covered with snow during a cousid- eralile part of the year. Bohemia is still an agricultural country, al- though some of its manufactures have attained a veiy high degree of development. The soil is generally fertile, especially in the districts along the upper Elbe, in the vicinity of Kiiniggriitz, in the valley of the Eger. in the lands calh'd the 'I'aradise.' near Teplitz, and in a tract in the midland mountains. The chief agricultural prod-
