aristocracy. His numerous theological writings, however, cannot be said to have proved attractive to posterity. They have almost ceased to be read. The works" by which he is best known are liis translation of the Xew Testament into Latin (1550) ; his editions of the Greek Xew Testa- ment (1565), largely based upon that of Eobert Stephens (1550), and his biography of John Calvin, which was the first written. He presented the University of Cambridge with the uncial Xew Testament MS. kno«Ti as Codex Bezip." His collected works bear the title Trtictal tones The- olofiicw (Geneva, 1582, 2 vols.). He was editor of Bistoire ecclesiasti(jue dcs cglises reformees ati rotjaume de France (best ed. Baum and Cunitz. Paris. 1883-80. .3 vols.). For his biog- raphy, consult H. M. Baird (Xew York, 1899).
BEZALIEL, be-za'll-el. A character repre-
senting the Marquis of Worcester, afterwards
Lord Beaufort, in Drydcn and Tate's satire, .16-
salom and AchHophel. He is described as having
so many natural gifts that there is no room in
his make-up for artificial ones.
BE'ZAN CO'DEX. See Bible.
BEZANT'. See Besaxt.
BEZBORODKO. byez'bo-rofkd, Alexander
AxDRETEViTCii, Prince (1747-99). A Russian
statesman. He was born in Little Russia. In
the Turkish campaigns he was second to Field-
Marshal RumiantzetT. and in 1780 was appointed
secretary of the council on foreign affairs. He
concluded the Peace of .Jassy with Turkey
(1791), was appointed Imperial Chancellor after
the coronation of Paul (1706), and in 1798 was
commissioned to effect an Anglo-Russian alliance
against France. As an important influence in
the cabinet affairs of his time, he helped to
decide the fate of the Poles. For his biography
consult Grigorovitch (Saint Petersburg, 1879-
81).
BE'ZETH. A place of doubtful situation,
but apparently near Jerusalem. It is mentioned
in I. Mace. vii. 19, as the place where Bacchides
encamped. Josephus calls it Bethzetho (Ant.
xii. 10. 2).
'BEZIEBS, ba'zyi' (from Lat. Beterrm; see
liclow). A citj' of France, formerly the seat of a
bishopric, in the Department of Herault, beauti-
fully situated on the slope of a hill in the midst
of a fertile country, at the junction of the Orb
and the Canal du Midi, about 47 miles southwest
of Montpellier (Map: France, K 8). It contains
some interesting buildings, the principal being
the Cathedral of Saint Xazaire, a noble Gothic
edifice, and the ancient episcopal palace, em-
ployed since the removal of the see for Govern-
ment offices. The city has a communal college,
a society of economics and archieology, a library
and museum. The old citadel lias been destroyed,
but the walls still remain, and are made use of
as a promenade. Beziers has manufactures of
silk stockings, woolens, gloves, parchment, glass,
soap, leather, and famous confectioneries. It has
also extensive brandy-distilleries, and is the
centre of most of the trade of the district. The
town is supplied with water pumped up from the
Orb. Population, in 1896, 48,012. Bf-ziers was
from immemorial times a fortress town, first
Gallic, then Roman. It was during the Roman
occupation named first BelcrriF. then Beterra
Septimanoruni, and was the station of the
Seventh Legion, and still contains Roman re-
mains. It is historically interesting in connection
with the massacre of the Albigenses, when its in-
habitants were indiscriminately put to the sword
to the number of over 20,000 by Simon de Mont-
fort and the Pope's legate, for having afforded
protection to the fugitives in 1209. Beziers suf-
fered also in the religious wars of the Sixteenth
Century.
BEZIQTTE, ba-zek' (Fr. hesique, origin ob-
scure). A game of cards ordinarily pla.yed with
a double pack, from which the twos, threes, fours,
fives, and sixes have been rejected, thus leaving
64 cards. The remaining cards rank aces, tens,
kings, queens, knaves, nines, eights, sevens.
Eight cards are dealt to each player, and the
seventeenth is turned up for trumps. Tricks are
taken as in whist, except when the cards are
equal, such as two tens together, when the leader
wins the trick. After each trick the player
draws one card from the stock, the winner tak-
ing the top card and the loser the next, the
trump card, or the one exchanged for it, being
taken up last. The object of the game is to
promote in the hand various combinations of
cards which, when declared, entitle the holder
to certain scores, to win aces and tens, and to
win the so-called last trick. If a declaration is
made it must be as soon as the trick is taken,
and before drawing from the pack, and this is
done by placing the declared cards face upward
on the table ; but they still form part of the
hand, and can be led or played, just as though
they had not been declared. (The rules of the
Portland Club of London, England, are the
accepted standard all over the English-speaking
world.) The game is usually 1000 points, and
the scores vary from 10 for the seven of trumps
played or exchanged, to 500 for double bezique.
If clubs or hearts are trumps the bezique cards
are queen of spades and knave of diamonds, and
vice versa when spades or diamonds are trumps.
The deal goes from one to another alternately
until the game is finished. There is a four-pack
game called Rubicon, or Japanese Bezique, and
two varieties of Polish Bezique or Fildinski.
BEZOAB, be'zor (through Span., from Pers.
pad-:alir : literally, against poison). A concre-
tion found in the stomachs of goats or antelopes,
and formerly much valued on account of imag-
inary medicinal virtues, particularly as an anti-
dote to poisons, though really worthless. Con-
cretions of various kinds are found in the stom-
achs of herbivorous quadrupeds, very generally
having for their nucleus some small "indigestible
substance which has been taken into the stomach.
Sometimes they are of a radiating structure;
sometimes formed of concentric layers; some-
times they are principally composed of super-
phosphate of lime; sometimes of phosphate of
ammonia or magnesia. Other concretions found
in the intestines, etc., of various animals are
sometimes also called bezoar. See Calculus
(in medicine) .
BEZOLD, ba'tsolt, WiLHELsr vox (1837—). A German meteorologist, boru in .Munich. He studied at the universities of !Munich and Gottingen, in 186G was appointed professor in the former, and subsequently professor in the Technical Institute of Munich. In 1885 he accepted the chair of meteorology at Berlin, and at the same time became director of the new Meteor-
