BONAPARTE. 267 BONAPARTE. preferring the pursuits of literature and science. He resided in Philadelphia from 1822 to 1828, during; which time lie studied the birds of the United States and wrote many technical papers jiublished by seientitic societies. He published Aiiicricdii Orriitholoijij, or History of liirds In- hnhititui the United States Sot Oilmen hy ^VHson (Philadelphia, 1824-.33), which came to be known as "Wilson and Bonaparte's Ornitholo>.'y," and formed the basis for numerous subsequent edi- tions of .lexander Wilson's gi'eat work. After his return to Europe he wrote extensively on .mcrican biids in German. French, Italian, and English. Among his works is Iconogra/ia dclla fauna italicn. The second son, Paul ilarie. born in 1808. took a part in the Greek War of Libera- tion, and died by the accidental discharge of a pistol. 1827. "The third son, Louis Lucien (181.3-91), distinguished himself by his studies in chemistry, mineralogy, and languages. Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, the fourth son, born September 12, 1815, passed through many changes of fortune in America, Italy, and Bel- gium, returnimr to France after the Revolution of 184S. In ISTO he shot a journalist. Victor Xoir, for which he was tried at Tours, and ac- quitted of murder, but condemned to pay 25,000 francs to Noir's relatives. He died April 8, 1881. The youngest son, Antoine, born October 31, ISIO. fled to America after an affair with the Papal troops in 1836, and returned to France in 1848, where he was elected to the National Assembly. 1849, but retired from politics in 1851. He died in 1877. The eldest daughter, Letizia (1804-71), married, in 1824, Mr. (after- wards Sir) T. Wyse, an Irish gentleman; but a separation took place in a few years. The second daughter, .Jeanne (1807-28). distinguished by her beauty and taste for jioetry. died soon after her marriage with the Jlarchese Honorati. The third daughter, Alexandrine Jlarie, born in 1818, married, in 1836, Count Vincenzo Valentini de C'anino, and gave birth to two sons and one <laughter. Constanze, the youngest daughter of Lucien, was born in 1823, became a nun, and died in Rome in 1876. BoXAPABTE, Lon.s. third brother of the Em- peror Xapoleon. was born September 2. 1778. and was educated in the artillery s<hool at Chalons, where he imbibed anti-repuhlican principles. Ris- ing from place to place, he was made King of Holland in 1806: but. in fact, he was never more than a French (!overnor of Holland, subordinate to the will of his brother. He endeavored, how- ever, to resist some of the demands of the Em- peror and replied to one ref]uisition by saying that, since he had been placed on the throne of Holland, he had "become a Dutchman." In 1810 his realm was incorporated with the French Em- pire. After the restoration of the House of Orange Louis considered himself free from all lesponsibility, and returned to Paris, .January 1. 1814. where he was coldly received by the Emperor. Louis was married, in 1802, to Hor- ttnse Beauharnais. daughter of General Beauhar- nais (q.v.) and .Josephine, afterwards Empress of the French. As this marriage was wholly a matter of submission to his brother's will, it n.iturally ended in unhappiness and separation. -fter living for some years in Rome — where he separated from his wife — he removed, ip 1826, to Florence, where he lived in retirement. On the escape of his son, Louis Xapoleon, from the prison Vol. 111.-18. of Ham, the ex-King of Holland was removed as an invalid to Leghorn, where he died July 15, 1846. Louis Bonaparte was the writer of several works: ilarie, on Ics Uollundnises, 1814, a novel, giving some sketches of Dutch manners; Docu- iiK-iils historiqucs, etc., siir Ic gouvcmoment de la Uollandc, 3 vols. (London, 1821); Uistoire du parlemCHt anr/lais (1820) ; and a critique on M. de Norvin's History of Xapoleon. — The ami- able and accomplished Hortense Eugenie Beau- HARN'ALS, the adopted daughter of Napoleon, Queen of Holland, and Countess Saint Leu, was born in Paris. April 10, 1783. After the execution of her father she lived for some time in humble circumstances, until NajMleon's marriage with Josephine. In obedience to the plans of her stepfather, she rejected her intended husband. General Desaix, and married Louis Bonaparte in 1802. After the Hundred Days she visited Augs- l>urg and Italy, and then fixed her residence at Arencnberg. a mansion in the Canton of Thurgau, where she lived in retirement, sometimes spend- ing a winter in Italy. In 1831, when her two sons had implicated themselves in the Italian insurrection, the Countess traveled in search of them through many dangers, and found the elder deceased, and the younger, afterwards Emperor of the French, ill at a place near Ancona. Re- turning with her son to Paris, she was pleasantly received by Louis Philippe and by Casimir P6- rier. but was obliged, in the course of a few weeks, to remove with her son to England. Thence she removed to her country-seat, Arencn- berg. where she died, after severe suffering, Octolier 3, 1837, and was buried near the re- mains of her mother, Josephine, at Ruel, near Paris. She was the author of La Heine Hor- tense en Italie, en France et en Angleterre, pen- dant Vannce 18S1, and wrote several excellent songs. She likewise composed some deservedly popular airs, among others the well-known Par- tant pour la Syrie," which the second Emperor of the French made a national air. Of herthree sons, the eldest. Napoleon Louis Charles, horn 1802, died in childhood. JIarch 5. 1807. The second, Louis Napoleon, horn 1804. Crown Prince of Hol- land, married his cousin Charlotte, daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, and died at Forli, March 17, 1831. The third. Charles Louis Napoleon, he- came Emperor of the French. See Napoleon III. Bonaparte, Jerome, the yotmgest brother of Napoleon, was born at Ajaccio, November 15, 1784. After receiving hi;? education in the col- lege of Juilly, he served as naval lietitenant in the expedition to Haiti. When war broke out between France and England in 1803, Jerome was cruising olf the West Indies, hut he was soon compelled to take refuge in the i)ort of New York. He married Elizabeth Patterson, daugh- ter of a Baltimore merchant, December 27, 1803, after which he remained in the United States more than two years. His niarria^ was declared null and void by Napoleon. The wife was not allowed to set foot on French territory and was obliged to go to England. .lerome vainly pleaded with Napoleon. In the meanwhile he had been permitted to reenter the naval service and was eni|>loyed by Na])oleon in the liberation of French and Genoese prisoners who had been captured by the Dey of Algiers. In the war with Prus- sia, he commanded, with General Vandamme, the Tenth Corps in Silesia, and was made King of Westphalia in 1807. He lived in great splen-
