BOOTH-TXJCKER. 310 BOPP. BOOTH-TUCKER, Frederick St. George de Latouk (1853 — ). Commander of the Salvation Army in the United States. He was born at Mon^hyr, Bengal, India, and passed the Indian civil-service examination in 1874. After study- ing in London (1874-76), he was appointed to an official position in the Punjab, fnmi which, however, he resigned in 1881 to join the Salva- tion Array. He inaugurated the Indian branch of that oVganization in 1882 and conducted it till 1891, when he went to London as secretary for the international work. Since March, 189(i, he has been in charge of the United States di- vision of the service, with headquarters in New York City. His works include: Life of Gen. WiUiam Booth (1898); In Darkest India and the M'ui/ Out: Favorite Songs of the Halvatwn Army. Conunander Bootli-Tucker has shown a remarkable executive ability, rare good sense, and tireless energv in his management of the aifairs of the Salvation Army in the United States. BOO'TLE. A town in Lancashire, England, on the .Mersey, and the Leeds-Liverpool Canal. Although an" independent municipality, it is practicallv a suburb of Liverpool, which it ad- joins on 'the north. About 110 acres of the Liverpool dock system, including some of the mo.st important docks, are within the boundaries of Bootle. The town was incorporated in 1808. It obtains its water-supply from Liverpool. It owns an electric plant which supplies the cur- rent for lighting purposes and for motive power for street railways, which the corporation owns, but leases to the Liverpool corporation. The town maintains numerous parks, public baths, a gymnasium, and an isolation hospital. Among its educational institutions are a technical school, a public library, and a museum. It has foundries and grain-mills. Its increa.se in popu- lation has been very rapid. In 1881 it was about 27,000; in 1891, 49,200; and in 1901, 58,(1110. BOOTS AND SADDLES. The bugle or trumpet call for cavalry or light artillery drill or other mounted duties. See Bugle and Trum- pet Calls. BOOTT, Francis (1813-1904). An American composer, born in Boston, Mass., of English parentage. He studied music in Florence and became honorary professor in the .cadeiny of Fine Arts. His" first work appeareil under the name of Telford. Among his songs are Tenn- merely for the sake of appearance, but for pres- ervation as well, the portion of the side which is sometimes wet and sometimes dry being mucn more liable to corrosion than the plating above oT below it. BOOTY (Ger. Betite, Dutch hiiil ; cf. Icel. hyti, exchange, barter, Sw. hi/lc, barter, booty). In military usage, the property captured from the enemy. Booty is not recognized olVuially in the Army of the United States; though prize- money, its naval equivalent, is, anomabmsly enough, still a prominent feature of naval war- fare, the naval blockade in the Spanish-Ameri- can War (1898) and the battle of Santiago furnishing notable examples. The regulations concerning booty in the British .rmy are clearly defined, such booty being a (ipcn'tioneii as the King, tl.rough his advisers, may direct. There are few regiments in the British service that have not among their regimental eifects articles of more or less value, such as bric-a-brac, iness-plate, heathen deities, etc., taken from enemies. Booty of a more concrete and valuable description is collected, and afterwards sold, and the proceeds divided. By law, all booty is the property of the sovereign, and may, at his discretion or pleasure, be returned to the enemy or given to the captors. Similar laws obtain with all other European countries. The siege of Peking (Boxer uprising in China, 1900) may be cited as the best illus- tration of modern booty. After the defenses were rushed, and the city taken, civilians as well as the international troops seized anything and everything worth their while, and carried it away as booty. The peculiar nature of the cam- paign, however, and the world-wide criticism of the wholesale looting, induced most of the Powers concerned to return the booty to the Chinese Government. See articles Loot and Prize. BO-PEEP, Little. The little shepherdess whose story is a never-failing source of interest to the nursery world. The origin of tile name and its application are unknown, but Ilalliwell, in his urscri/ Rhymes, quotes from a ballad of the Seventeenth Century, which has the couplet: " Halfe Englande ye nowjrht now but shepe, In everye corner they playe a boe-pepe." BOPP, Franz (1791-1807). A German phi- lologist. He was born in Mainz, September 14, 1791, began the study of Oriental languages in Aschafl'enburg, and in 1812 went to Paris, wh<'re he was encouraged in his labors by Chezy, Sil- Brcak. Break. Break; Longfellow's A'.i/rie ygstrc de Sacv, and .ugust Williel'm voirSchle- Elcison; and Thackeray's Rose upon the Balron;/. He also composed a Mass for voices and or- chestra : Te Deum ; Miserere; Maria Mater; The flands o' Dee (Kingsley's poem) ; and We Two to words of .lean Ingelow. BOOT-TOPPING. In wooden ships not sheathed with copper it was the custom when fAr away from a dock— particularly in warm climates— to occasionally scrape off the grass, barnacles, and other matter adhering to the gel. He afterwards visited London, to pursue further the study of Sanskrit, and in 1824 was ajipoiiited professor of philology and Oriental literature in the University of Berlin. His first ])ublication, Ueher das Konjupationssystem der l<anskril.<iprache (Frankfort, 1810), proved epoch- making. This was followed by a Sanskrit gram- mar, a fllossnriirm Sanscritiim. and editions of seeial fragments of the great Indian epic, the Mahalihuruta.in the original text, with a trans- His most important labors centred in side in the vicinity of the water-line and apply lation. , . ^ ^, . ,■ , , f *u a mixture of grease, sulphur, and tar as a the analysis of the grammatical forms of the temporary protection against worms. This op- dillVrent langiiages of the Indo-(.<.rmanic family, cration was called boot-lopping. The name is thnmgh which he became the f.,uiider of the soi- - ■ ' " ' ■ — ■' - itive philology, lln great work
