BOURBON. 368 BOURBOULE. Titres de la maison ducale de Bourbon (Paris, 1867-74) ; Lehec, G^nialogie des Bourbons de France, d'Espaqne, de yaples, et de Panne ( Chfiteauroux, 1880). BOURBON, boOr'boN', Antoine de. See Ax- TOl.XE DE BOVKBON. BOURBON, Oharles, Duke of Bourbonnais ( 148'J-1527) . A French general, known as the Constable de Bourbon. He was the son of the Count of Wontpensier. In consequence of the death of his elder brother, and his marriage with the only daughter of the Duke of Bourbon, he united in his own possession the vast estates of both these branches of the Bourbon family, which alone at that time retained the old feudal power. He distinguished himself by the brilliancy of his exploits in arms, and by his rigid morals. At the age of 26 he was made Constable of France (the highest military office in the kingdom), and was sent to Italy at the head of an army. Crossing the Alps by passes previously deemed impracticable, he surprised the hostile generals, won the battle of Marignano, September 13 and 14, 1515, and within a few days placed the ke3S of the citadel of Milan in the King's hand. Accounts differ as to his later career. It is charged by French historians that Charles of Bourbon was the victim of an over- weening pride and jealousy; that he claimed more credit than really belonged to him, and that his treason was not at all justifiable. On the other hand, he is represented as the victim of a woman's revenge. It is said that Marie Louise, the King's mother, became enamored of the brave Constable; and that he, although a widower, de- clined her iumd, openly declaring that he deemed her a woman devoid of modesty, and not to be thought of for a wife. Tlirough lier influence the estates which he had acquired through his wife were .seized and his perquisites as Constable were withheld. Thus deeply injured, he renounced the interest of France, and concluded a private alliance with the Emperor Charles V. and with Henry VIII. of England for the conquest and partition of France. The King, who was engaged in an expedition to Italy, received intelligence of this conspiracy. He jiroceeded forthwith in jjcrson to the Constable, and offered him resto- ration to favor and also to his estates. The Constable, however, did not trust him, but fled in disguise, and reached Franehe-Comte in 1523. He attacked, in 1524, the French Army on its march over the Alps, and planned an invasion of France with the Spaniards. But ('harles V. did not entirely trust him, and appointed the Marquis of I'cscara to assist and watdi him. He was forced to relinquish the siege of Marseilles on llu> approacli of Francis i. with a great army. lie repassed the Alps, and took his revenge in the battle of Pavia, February 24, 1.525, where the King was made a prisoner. (See Fn.vNCis 1.) He now went to JIadrid. but soon found himself disappointed in his hopes, and returned to l.ombardy to carve out liis own for- tune. He took ililan from Maximilian Sforza and then assailed Rome. In the assault, May 6, 1527. lie was mortally wnundod by a l)ullet, which Benvenuto Cellini afterwards asserted that he had shot. His death was kept secret for a time from the army under his command. The city was sacked, and wlien the army departed from Home two months later, his corpse, which the soldiers would not part with, was taken with them, and buried at Gaeta, under a mag- nificent monument, which, however, Avas after- wards destroyed. (See Boubbox, House of, for genealogy and references.) Consult: Coignet, Francis the First and His Times (London, 1888) ; Robertson, History of the Reign of Charles V. (Philadelphia, 1864-67); Lavisse and Rambaud, Histoirc tjcncrale (Paris, 1893-1901). BOURBON, ILE DE. See RfiuNioif, Ile de la. BOURBON, Luis Maria de (1777-1823). A Spanish prelate and politician. He was born at Cadahalso, took orders, was appointed Arch- bishop of Seville in 1799, Archbishop of Toledo in 1800, and in the latter year received also the cardinal's hat. During the French occu- j)ation he was president of the Cadiz regency, and as such approved the decrees of the Constituent Assembly of the Cortes. Thus he signed the Constitution of 1812, and abolished the Inqui- sition. Upon the return of the King, in 1814, he at first fell into disfavor, but subsequently was appointed president of the governmental junta and a councilor of State. BOURBON - LANCY, boor'box' liiN'sy. A watering-place in the Department of Saone-et- Loire, France, 40 miles northwest of Charolles (Map, France, K 5). It is celebrated for its thermal springs, which contain chloride of so- dium and iron. The town is beautiful in situa- tion, and has a hospital with 400 beds built by the Marquis d'Aligre. Population, in 1806,4162. The Romans knew this city as Aqua- Nisineii or Nisinienses, and remains of their baths are to be seen. BOURBONNAIS, boor'b6'na' (so called from liourbun ) . A foniier province of Central France, now comprised within the departments of Allier, Chei-, and Xi&vre. From 1327 to 1523 it formed the Duchy of Bourbon. In the latter year it was annexed to the Crown, but was bestowed, in 1661, on the House of Bourbon-Conde, which held it until the Revolution. Consult: Nicolay, Descrip- tion ct histoirc du Bourbonnais (Monlins, 1875) ; Mont/^gut, En Uniirlionnais et en Fore: (Paris, 1881). BOURBONNAIS. A village in Kankakee County, 111., 56 miles south of Chicago: the seat of Notre Dame Academy and of Saint Via- teur's College (Roman Catholic), opened in 1865. Population, in 1900, 595. BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS, boor'bun' k bax' ( Fr., The Batlis of Bourbonne. Med. Lat. liourbonia, foriucrly Aqnw Borvonis, Baths of Borvo, Borvo being among tlic Gauls a name for Apollo). A town and watering-place in the De- partment of Haute-Marne, France, pleasantly situated by the Amance on an eminence amid wooded country, 20 miles east-northeast of Lan- gres (Jlajj: France, M 4). It has a fine church of the Twelfth Century, a large military hospital, and some interesting ruins of a cliAtcau of the ancient S<>igneurs de Bourbonne. Its thernuil springs attract some 30(10 invalids annually. They are strongly impregnateil with chloride of sodium; and their temperature is from 140° to 150° F. Pojiulation. in 1890, 4156. The Romans knew these springs under the name Aquse Bor- vonis. BOURBOULE. biior'bool'. La. A health re- sort ill llic Department of Puy-de-Dome, France, on the Dordogne, 22 miles southwest of Cler-
