BRANT. 424 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. have treated his captives with great humanity, and to have steadfastly opposed, and, wherever possible, prevented torture. After the war he used his influence to preserve peace hetween the various Indian tribes and the whites. In 1786 he visited England, where he was entertained by many persons of promiuence, and became ac- quainted with such men as Burke and Sheri- dan. With money collected on this trip he built the first Episcopal church erected in Upper Canada. John Fiske has said of Brant that he "was perhaiis the greatest Indian of whom we have any knowledge," and that "certainly the history of the red men presents no more many- sided and interesting character." Consult: Stone, The Life of Joseph Brant-Thayendanegea, Includiiifi the Indian ^'ars of the American Revolution, new ed. (Albany, 1865). BRANT, or BRANDT, briint, Sebastian (e.1458-1521 ) . A Geniian satiric poet and hu- manist. He was born in Strassburg, the son of a wealthy burgher. He studied philosophy and jurisprudence at the University of Basel, taught there, and rose to eminence through writings that induced Emperor Maximilian to make him Im- perial Councilor and Count Palatine. He took an important part in negotiations with the Holy See. He is the author of Das Xarrenschiff ("The Ship of Fools"), published in 1494, one of the most remarkable and popular books of the time. This work, as an artist, he illustrated himself. as well as editions of Terence (149G) ; Boethius (1501); Vergil (1502); and a volume of ser- mons, PHadrasffsima^e (1496). The Ship of Fools (Narrenschiff) is supposed to have suggested Erasnms's famous Praise of Folly, and was a sort of Pilfirim's I'royress to its generation. It was a mirror to those perplexed times, and carried the spirit of the Reformation far beyond the borders of Germany, and into quarters where the writings of Luther would have found no hearing. It is thought to have been suggested by a passage in a chronicle w'hich describes a carnival i)rocession at Aix-la-Chapclle in the Twelfth Century. Here a ship was borne about the country, followed by a train of gayly-dressed men and women singing and dancing. Brant saw in this 'pagan wor- ship,' as the chronicler calls it, the possibilities of a social satire. He invites to passage repre- sentatives of every class — the misers, the glut- tons, the church-goers for show and the church- goers for respectability, the pedantic and the frivolous, "from beardless youth to crooked age," knights and ladies, cooks and butlers, gamesters, drunkards, spendthrifts, merchants, alchemists, and lovers, in motley and ever-chang- ing throng. So all classes saw themselves in his picture, and read with a twinge at their own and a smile at others' folly, "the first printed book that dealt with contemporary events and living persons, instead of old Genuan battles and French knights" (Max Mijller). Contem- porary writers made constant allusions to it; monks preached from its texts; three years after its appearance it was turned into Latin by Locker, fifteen years after into English by Bar- clay (London, isOO), and again by Henry Wat- son, as The Crete Shyppe of Fooles of the Worlde (1517). Barclay's edition has been edited by Ja- mieson (Edinburgh. 1874). The best German edi- tions are by Zarneke (Leipzig, 1854), with an extensive commentary, and by Goedecke (Leip- zig, 1872). BRANT'FORD. The chief city of Brant County, Ontario, Canada, on Grand River and the Grand Trunk Railroad, 70 miles east of London (Jlap: Ontario, C 4). The river is navigable to within 21^ miles of the town, whence a canal coimect.s it with Lake Erie. The city has fine public buildings, chieflj- of white brick: gas and electric lighting, many churches of architectural beauty, large railroad shops, factories of brass and iron castings, engines and mill machinery, and stoneware, several branch banks, the Ontario Institution for the Education of the Blind, and WicklifTe Hall. The United States has a consular agent here. The city was named after the famous Mohawk chief Brant, to whom a fine monument was erected in Victoria Square. Brantford is the headquarters of the amalgamated tribes of the Six Nations. Popu- lation, in 1891, 12,75.'?; in 1901, 10,031. BRANTOME, brii.N'tSm', Pierre de Boib- DEILLES, Abbe de (c. 1540-1014) . A French cour- tier and chronicler. He was born in Pcrigord, and as the third son of a nobleman he was dedi- cated in youth to the Church ; but presently be- came a page of the liberal and literary Margaret of Navarre (q.v.). On her death (1549) he stud- ied in Paris, served Francis of Guise, and became gentleman of the chambei- to Charles IX. Tlien, with the exception of time spent in diplomatic missions, of which the escort of ilarv Stuart to Scotland is noteworthy for the fine description that he gives of it, and in campaigns and travel- ing for pleasure, he passed his life at the courts of Henry III. and IV., till his retirement to his ancestral estate (1594). Here lawsuits with monks and neighbors occupied his last years, and he relieved himself from the ennui they caused by reminiscent memoirs. Tics des hommes illiistres et des yrands capitaines fran^ais; Ties des dames illustrcs: ^'ics des dames ga- lantes; Anecdotes touchant Ics duels; Rodomon- tades et jurements des Espagnols; a Life of his father: a funeral oration on his sister-in-law; and some insignificant verses. His MSS. were not printed till 1005. The best of many edi- tions is by Lalanne, 10 vols. (1805-81). Bran- tome recognizes only two social essentials- — to be born an aristocrat and to hate Hugvienots. Indifferent to honor and morality, he is an im- partial witness to the vice and crime of his epoch. None has mirrored more truly the Valois Court or its moral ideals. Consult Lalanne, lirantOme, sa vie et scs ecrits (Paris, 1897). BRAS'DOR'S OPERATION. It is stated in the article Aneurism that a cure is effected in that disease by successive layers of the fibrin of the blood being deposited in the aneurismal sac. It was suggested by Brasdor that the course of the blood should be impeded by a liga- ture upon the artery beyond the aneurismal sac. A modification of this operation, known as Wardrop's operation, is used in suitable cases. It was named after an English surgeon, Br.as- dor, who, in 1820, first performed the operation successfully. Considt Park, Surgeri^ by Ameri- can Authors, 3d ed. (New York and Philadel- phia, 1901). BRASE'NOSE COLLEGE. A college at 0.- ford. England, founded about 1509 by William Smith, Bishop of Lincoln, and Sir Richard Sut- ton — the last of the pre-Reformation colleges. Tlie name is said to have come from Brassen-
