BROWNWOOD. 572 BRUCE. deposits of oil in the vicinity. Settled m 1866, Brownwood was incorporated in 1878. The gov- ernment is administered under a charter of 1891, which provides for a maj'or, elected biennially, and a citv council. The waterworks are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 18!m, 2176; in 1900, 3905. BROZIK, brfi'zhfk, V.czlav (18.51-1901). A Boliemian painter, born in Tfemoschna, Bohemia. He was a pupil of the Prague Academy, and of Piloty in ilunich, and in 1878 exhibited "Em- bassv of I-adislas of Bohemia to Charles VII. of France." The subjects of most of his works are derived from the history of Bohemia, including "The Ballad Singer." "'The Execution on the White Mountain," and "The Imperial Councilors Thrown Out of the Window at Prague," often ranked as his best. In the Jletropolitan Mu- seum. New York, there is a large picture by him of "Columbus at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella." BRTTANG, broo-ang'. See Sun-beab, under Bear. BBTJCE. A family illustrious in Scottish history, descended from Robert de Bruis, a Nor- man knight, who accompanied William the Con- queror to England in lOGO, and died about 1094. His son, Robert, was a companion in arms of Prince David of Scotland, afterwards David I., from whom he received a grant of the lordship of Annandale, held by military tenure. At the commencement of the war in England between Stephen of Blois and ^latilda, niece of the King of Scots, Robert de Bruis adhered to the former, and renounced his allegiance to David, resigning his lands in Annandale to his son Robert. In 1138 he was sent by the barons of the north of England to negotiate with David, who had ad- vanced in support of his niece's claims as far as Northallerton, Yorkshire. In the battle of the Standard which followed, according to tradition, he took prisoner his son Robert, then fourteen vcars of age, wlio, as Lord of Annandale, fought on the Scottish side, lie died in 1141. His English estates were inherited by his eldest son, Adam, whose male line terminated in Peter de Bruis, Constable of Scarborough, in 1271. Rob- ert de Bruis. second Lord of Annandale, had two sons: Robert, who married a natural daughter nf William the Lion, and died without issue, before 1101; and William, whose son, Robert, fourth Lord of Annandale, married Isabel, second daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, brother of William the Lion, and thus laid the founda- tion of the royal House of Bruce. He died in 124.5. BRUCE, Alexander Balmain (1831-99). A Scottish divine and author, born at Aberargie, in Perthshire. He was educated at the Univer- sity of Edinburgh and at the divinity hall of the Free Church of Scotland. In 1859 he was called to Cardross, in Dumbartonshire, and in 1808 to the Free Church of Broughty Ferry, in Forfar- shire. In 1875 he was appointed professor of apologetics and New Testament exegesis in the Free Churcli Hall in Glasgow, a position which he fdled with distinction till his death. In 1886 he was the Elv lecturer at Union Theological Seminary, New" York, and in 1890-97 was the Gilford lecturer at the University of Glasgow. Bruce was among the most distinguished biblical scholars of his time. His reputation was gamed by his studies on the Gospels, entitled The Train- ing of the Twelve (1871). On account of his views concerning inspiration contained in The Kinydom of God; or, Christ's Teachiiif/s Accord- ing to the Si/noptic Gospels (1889), he was severely criticised by the orthodox and received a slight censure from the General Assembly. Among his other books are: The Humiliation of Christ (Cunningham Lectures, 1870) ; The Chief End of Revelation (1881); The Parabolic Teaching of Christ (1882); The Galilean Gospel (1884); The Miraculous Element in the Gospels (1880) ; Apologetics; or, the Cause of Christianity De- fensively Stated (1892); With Open Face (1896); The Providential Order of the ^'orld (189"); and The Moral Order of the ^yorld (1899).' Under his superintendence were issued The Free Church Hymn Book (1882) and the Church Hymnary (1898K In conjunction with Canon T. K. Cheyne, he edited the Theological Translation Library (1894). BRUCE, Blanche K. (1841-98). A colored politician of some note. He was born in slavery in Prince Edward County, Va., but was educated with his master's son. He subse- quently taught a school for negroes in ilissouri, and w.is able to take a partial course at Oberlin College. He then became a planter in Mississip- pi in 1869, entered heartily into the Reconstruc- tion movement, and held several local offices, including that of county superintendent of edu- cation. Early in 1875" he was elected to the United States Senate as a Repviblican, and served one term, being the first negro to serve in tins- body. In 1881 President Garfield appointed him Reg"ister of the United States Treasury, a posi- tion which he held until 1885. President Mc- Kinley appointed him to the same office in 1897. BRUCE, David (1324-71). A king of Scot- land, son of King Robert Bruce, whom he suc- ceeded, in 1329, as David II. In accordance with the terms of the treaty of Northampton, he had married, when four ye'ars old, Joanna, daughter of Edwiird II. of England, and on November 23, 1331, he was crowned with her at Scone. In 1332 the success of Edward Baliol (q.v.) and the English party obliged David's guardians to send him and his"consort to France; but on the dis- persion of Baliol's adherents David returned to Scotland, in 1341. He made unsuccessful in- roads into England, and in 1346 was taken prisoner at the battle of Neville's Cross, near Durham, and conveyed to the Toer of London. Thence he was removed to Oldham, in Hamp- shire, and not released till 1357, when his ransom was fixed at 100.000 marks. His Queen died in 1302. and he m:irried JIargaret Logic, a Scottish gentlewoman of singular beauty, whom he di- vorced in 1369. He had no issue, and in his later years he was engaged in several intrigues with England, with the view of excluding his iiei)hew. Robert, the Steward of Scotland and the next heir, from the throne. He died at Edin- burgh Castle February 22, 1371. BRUCE, David (18.55—). An English army surgeon and scientific writer, born in Melbourne, Australia. He was educated at Edinburgh Uni- versity, became a surgeon in the Royal Army Medic"al Corps in 1883, and from 1884 to 1889 saw service in Malta and Egypt. In 1889-94 he was professor of pntliologv at the Army Medi- cal School, Netlev, Hampshire; from 1894 served
