BUGIARDINT. 635 BUGLE. lifelong friend of Michelangelo. His favorite theme is the Madonna, whom he frequently por- trays in association with the youthful Saint .John. The following are a few of hi* principal works: "Birth of Christ" (Sacristy of vSanta Croce) ; "Wepping Madonna" (UfBzi Gallery, Florence) ; "Madonna and Saint John the Bap- tist" (Leipzig Museum) : "Xativity" (Berlin Museum) ; "Marriage of Saint Catharine" (Bo- logna Gallery). BXTG-JAEGAL, t)u'zhar'gal'. The chief char- acter — a lujrio prince who loves a white woman — in the novel of the same name by Victor Hugo. The first sketch of liug-Jargal appeared in the Conservateitr IHt&raire, founded in 1819 by Hugo and his brothers. BUGLE, bu'g'l (Fr., from Late Lat. biigillo, a plant). AJtipa, a genus of hardy herbaceous plants of the order Labiatse, having an irregular corolla, with verj- short upper lip and trifid lower lip and protruding stamens. The species are mostly natives of the colder parts of the Old World, and several are British. The common bugle (Ajiiga reptans) is abundant in moist pastures and woods. Its flowers^ are generally blue, but varieties occur with white and purplish flowers, which are often introduced into flower borders. The .lpine form is one of the beauti- ful flowers of the Swiss Alps. BUGLE (origin obscure). A musical wind instriuueut of brass or copper, used mostly as a signal instrument in military evolutions. The bugle is made in three pitches, Bb, 0, Eb, and has seven harmonic tones. Between 1815 and 1835 its power and range were increased by the additions of sound-holes and keys ; and, upon the introduction of valves, from the bugle were formed the tuba (q.v.) and saxhorn (q.v.). See Ba5d; Wir^D I:nstbujie>'ts. BUGLE and TRUMPET CALLS. Military signals sounded l)y trumpet or bugle to notify troops of an order to be executed. The use of trumpets, as all earlier forms of bugles and trumpets were called, dates from the very earli- est times, and the primary purpose of the his- toric ram's-horn and the modern bugle were practically identical. Changes in military con- ditions and tactics have only served to invest the bugle with increased importance. Indeed, the scattered disposition of troops in modem battle formations, the necessity for extended intervals in even the smallest command, to- gether with the practical hiding of many of the details under cover, make the modern bugler or trumpeter more necessarily the mouth[)iece of the oliicer to-day than at any previous period of militarj- history. The bugle possesses an added importance in the moral support and strenuotis encouragement which results from its strident tones. In times of peace the uses of the bugle are far more manifold and scarcely less impor- tant. From the sounding of reveille, that sum- mons the troops from slumber, to the last note of taps, the routine life of the army post is punctuated by the notes of the bugle or trumpet calling the men to their various duties, drills, and parades. In the United States Army the chief trumpeter ranks next above battalion or squadron sergeant-majors, while in England he is described as bugle or trumpet major, and Vol. Ill— 11. ranks as next junior to the color-sergeants in infantry, or troop sergeant-majors in cavalry — an equivalent rank to first sergeant in the United States Army. Another custom, as uni- versal as the use of the bugle, is to furnish officers and a proportion of non-eommissi(med ollicers ith ^histles, by which means orders can be given and men controlled on occasions when a trumpet would be unwise or impossible. In the United States Army the quartermaster's de- partment is ordered to'supply to each field bat- tery two small brass Bb bugles, and to every other company two G trumpets with F slides or detachable F crooks. Bugle or trumpet calls may be grouped under four general headings, as: warning calls, for- mation calls, alarm calls, and service calls. The 'calls' that follow are taken from the Infantrif Drill Regulations, United States Army. A prominent feature of this code is the excellent manner of arrangement, by which the memorizing of the calls is much facilitated. For instance, all movements to the right are on the ascending chord; the corresponding movements to the left are corresponding signals on the descending chord; and the changes of gait all upon the same note. The music here reproduced is written an octave higher than the tnimpet scale, and is adjusted to the scale of the bugle. Moderate. Assembly. g=l^=^ -• — • . * i Quick. Boots and Saddles. m ZMjllm^t.ajt^M^ _» ti^-^ Li^ ■ I *i J ±»zezg=gi Quiclt time. To the Color. ^S m ■ . :z:z. i
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