BUMBLEBEE. 669 BUNCE. clustered together, with silken cocoons of pupse, balls of the kind already noticed, and open tells or pots lilU'd with honey. These are preyed ujjon by mice and many larpe animals, which devcmr the brood as well as tlic lioney. See colored Plate iif Inskc'ts for portrait. See Bee. BTJMBLEFOOT (from bumble, a bungle, botch, referring to the misshapen foot). The name applied to a peculiar corn or abscess on the bottom of the foot of fowls. Some breeds are believed to be more susceptible to the trouble than are others. The disease is considered to be due to sitting on narrow perches or to walking on sharp gravel or on cement. Some cases are incurable, but the daily application of lunar caustic usually gives good results. Where pus is formed the abscess may be lanced or cut- out. BUMBOAT (perhaps Dutch bumboot. from bun. chot -r boot, boat). A boat carrying pro- visions and other articles to ships lying in the stream — i.e. at anchor, and not alongside a wharf. In the case of men-of-war, bumboats are commonly allowed even when the ship is at a wharf, as very few of the crew can go on shore except on certain days. In the United States Navy the bumboat is inspected by the master- at-arms as soon as alongside, in order to see that no unauthorized articles are on board, and by the surgeon if the climatic conditions are such as to render special attention to diet necessary. Only persons of good reputation are allowed to traffic with the men. and these only after obtain- ing the consent of the executive officer. The bumboats ordinarily have for sale pastry, milk, fruit, confectionery, tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, stationery, sewing materials, handkerchiefs, towels, soap, etc. Nearly all large vessels of the navj' have a commissary's store, frequently called the canteen, in which the same class of supplies are to be had as in the bumboat, but of greater variety and at much lower prices, as the prices charged are only about sufficient to insure against loss. Any profit which may accrue is applied to the general mess fund of the enlisted men. As might be expected, the commissary's store has rendered the bumboat of much less im- portance to the men. BUM'MALO'TI (E. Ind.). A marine fish (ninpoil'jii tirhrreux) of the family Synodont idse, which is rather closely related to the Salmonidse. It is a native of the coasts of India, particularly of the Bombay and ilalabar coa.sts, from which it is exported in large quantities, .salted and dried, to other parts of India and other places. It is higlily esteemed for its rich flavor, and often used as a relish. In commerce, it is known not only as bummaloti. but also by the singular name 'Bombay duck.' It is a fish of elongated form, with large fins and a very large mouth, the gape of which extends far behind the eyes, and which is furnished with a creat number of long, slender teeth. It is very voracious. BXTMBTER, Sir H.rrt. One of Charles Sur- face's dissolute friends in Sheridan's School for Scandal. He appears in .ct iii. Scene 3, and sings there the jovial drinking song, "Here's to the Maiden of Bashful Fifteen," etc. BUMPING POSTS. Devices erected at the ends of railway tracks in yards and stations to prevent cars from running otT the track onto the ground or across the platform. A pile of cross-ties or a bank of earth or cinders are sometimes used as bumping posts, and sometimes tile ends of the rails are turned up and have a strong timber bolted to them extending across the track. The usual construction uf bumping Iiost is a strong timber frame carrying dead- woods or buft'ers at the proper height to receive the blows of the car coupler or platform. Some- times the buffer consists of a hydraulic cylinder carrying a piston with a piston-rod provided at its outer end with a heavy disk against which the car strikes. The purpose of the liydraulic buffer is to reduce the shock of the striking car. Spiral spring buffers are used for the same purpose. Portable bumping posts of metal are made, which are attached to the rails wherever de- sired. These portable bumping posts are com- monly called stop-blocks. A great variety of si)ecial and patented forms of biunping posts are made and used. BUMP'PO, X.TTY. See Le.therstockino. BUMP'US, Hermox Caret (1862—). An American educator, born in Buckfield, Maine. He graduated in 1884 at Brown University, and from 188G to 1889 was professor of biology in Olivet College. In 1890 and 1891 he was as- sistant professor of zoology in Clark University, from 1891 to 1892 associate professor, and in 1892 was appointed professor of comparative anatomy in Brown University. He also became, in 1898. director of the biological laboratory of the United States Fish Commission at Woods Holl. Mass., and in 1901 assistant to the president and cura- tor of the department of invertebrates in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In addition to many articles and mono- graphs, he has published .1 Laboratory Course in Invertebrate Zoology (1893). BtJNAU, bv'nou, Heixrich, Count (169T- 1762). A German statesman and historian, born in Weissenfels. He studied law at the Univer- sity of Leipzig, and successively occupied several of the highest judiciary offices in Saxony, and later entered the service of the Emperor Charles VII. He was a patron of scientists and one of the ablest historians of his day. The following are some of his principal publications: Deutsche Kaiser- und Reichshistorie (1728-43). an admir- able work, but uncompleted; Historic des Krieges zicischen Frankreich, England und Deutschland (1763-67). BUNCE, Francis Marvin (1836-1901). An American naval officer. He was born in Hartfonl, Conn., and graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 18.57. At the beginning of the Civil War he was executive officer on the Penobscot, which ^^as engaged in the blockade ofl' Wilming- ton, N. C. (1862). and he afterwards commanded the expedition which resulted in the capture of Morris Island. S. C. (July 10. 1863). He served ' on the monitor I'atapsco at the siege of Charles- ton, where, in November, 18(!3, he was woimded. Jn 186.5 he took the monitor Monadnoek from Philadelphia to San Francisco upon the first ex- tended sea voyage ever made by a monitor. He became a lieutenant-commander in 1863, a com- mander in 1871. a captain in 1883. and a com- modore in 1895. He was commander of the naval training station at Newport. R. 1., from 1891 to 1894. and was commandant of the North Atlantic station from 1895 to 1897, and of the New York Navy Yard from 1897 to 1899. On December 25, 1898, he retired with the rank of rear-admiral.
