BTJKTON. 714 BURTON. partly rewritten, appeared in 8 vols., 1873. In 1879 "he published a Histonj of the Itcign of Queen Aitm. The merits of Burton's historical works are universally admitted. He held the ancient olliee of hislorioKrapher royal for Sect- land, was L1,.D. of Edinburgh I'niversity, and D.C.L. of O.Kford. He died near Edinburgh, August 10, 18S1. Consult: "Memoir of Burton," in Blackwood's Magazine (September, 1881); and a Memoir by his wife, prefixed to The Book Hunter I New York, 1863). BURTON, KiCHARD (1S.59— ). An Ameriean poet. He was born in Hartford, Conn., March 14, IS,")!!. He was graduated at Trinity College (1883) and ,fohns Hopkins (1887) : was manag- ing editor of The Churchman (188!)-!I0) ; literary editor of the Hartford Courant (1890-97), and professor of Englisli literature in the University of Minnesota (1893-1902), and afterwards liter- ary advis<r of D. Lothrop & Co. His poems are eoilected in Dumb in June (1895) : MemorialDay (1897) : and l.yrics of Brotherhood (1899). He published also Dogs and Dog Literature. Liter- ary Likings (1898), John Greenleaf AVhittier (1901), and Forces in Fiction (1902). BURTON, Sir Richard Francis (1821-90). A Britisli traveler and author, born in Hert- fordshire. England. March 19, 1821. In 1842 he entered the Indian Army, and served many years in Sindh. In IS.'jl he published his first "important work — Hind, and the llaces that In- habit the ^'alIey of the Indus, full of graphic description, and interesting to all readers. Bur- ton acquired a very familiar acquaintance with Hindustani. Persian, and Multani, and learned to speak Arabic like a native. Thus equipped, he resolved to explore Arabia in the disguise of an Afghan pilgrim. Political commotions prevented liim from traversing the whole coun- try, as he intended: but liis Personal Xarratirc of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Mcccah (1855) records an extraordinarily daring feat. His next journey was into the country of the Somalis, in Eastern Africa. His companion. Lieutenant Stroyan, was killed and he himself was wounded. He succeeded, however, in reaching Harrar, a town not before visited by any Euro- pean, and in penetrating a vast and jioijulous region scarcely known to geographers. Toward the end of 1850 he set out, in company with Lieutenant Speke. also of the Indian Army, to ascertain the truth of the reports collected by the missionaries that a vast lake existed in the heart of Africa. The journey led to the discov- ery in 1S58 of the great lake of Tanganyika (followed by the discovery of the Victoria Nyanza by Speke) ami the opening up of the eastern part o"f the continent. In I8IJ1 Burton was api)ointed consul at Fernando Po. off the wi^st coast of Africa, and while holding this appointment he visited tin- Kamerwn Mountains, and went on a mission to the King of Dahomey, the incidents of both journeys being recorded in two of his most interesting works. He was subsequently consul at Santos in Brazil and at Damascus, and on the death of Charles I.«ver. in 1872, he succeeded to the post of British consul at Triest. He died October 20. 1890. Among his many works are the following: Sind : or. the Un- happy Valley (1851) ; Goa and the Blue Moun- iains (1851): Falconry in the Valley of the Indus (1852): First Footsteps in Fast Africa (185C) ; The Lake Kegions of Equatorial Africa (1800) ; The City of' the Saints (1801) ; .Iheo- kuta: or, the Cameroon Mountains (1863); The Nile Basin (1864); A Mission to Oelele, King of Dahomey (1864): Explorations in the Highlands of Bra::il (1809); Vikram and the Vampire (1870); Zanzibar (1872); Gorilla Land (1875): Ult.ima Thule; or, a Summer- in Iceland (1875); Etruscan Bologna (187G); Sind Iievisitcd (1877); The Gold Mines of Midian and the Ruined Midianitc Cities (1878). In 1885-88 he published, with a remarkable in- troduction and valuable notes, a literal transla- tion of the Arabian Sights under the title of The Thousand Sights and a Sight (10 vols., and 6 vols, of supplement), of which his wife issued an expurgated edition in 6 vols. (1887). In 1894 appeared the Library edition, 12 vols., an abridgment of the original publicati<m. He left a manuscript to his widow. Lady Isabel Burton, consisting of a translation, with origi- nal notes, from the Arabic of The Scented Gar- den, which she destroyed as a moral act, though it was deemed of great importance by scholars, and had been valued at $30,000. A literal trans- lation of the Pentamerone bj' Burton was pub- lished posthumously (1893). To Burton we are also indebted for the best English translation of the Lusiads and the lyrics of Caraoens ( 1881- 84). For his life, consult: Hitchman (London, 1887): Lady Burton (New York, 1893): and Stisted (New York. 1897); also Lady Burton and W. H. Wilkins, The Romance of Isabel, Lady Burton (New York, 1897). BURTON, Robert (1577-1640). The author of the Anatomy of Melancholy. He was bom at Lindley, in Leicestershire, February 8, 1577, and was educated at Brasenose and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1616 he was appointed to the vicarage of Saint Thomas, in the west sub- urbs of O.xford : and about 1630 to the rectory of Segrave in his native county. Though he offici- ated at Saint Thomas for a time, he passed his life almost wholly at Christ Church, where he died January 25. 1640, at or near the time he had foretold by the calculation of his horoscoi)e. To the Bodleian Library he left his rare collec- tion of books. His brother erected a monument to his memory in the Cathedral of Christ Church. Anthony Wood, in the .-Lthcnw. thus wrote of him : "He was an exact mathematici;in, a curious calcu- lator of nativities, a general read scholar, a thor- ough-paced philologist, and one that understood the surveying of lands v;e]l. As he was by many accounted a severe student, a devourer of authors, a melancholy and humorous person, so by others who knew him well, a person of great honesty, plain-dealing, and charity. I have heard some of the antients of Christ Church often say tlmt his company was very nu'rry. fa- ccte, and juvenile." The Anatomy was first pub- lished in 1021. Burton was constantly revismg his work, of which four more editicms appeared during his life. After his death the final ver- sion was printed from his annotated cojjv (1651-52). Burton dedicated himself to melan- choly, analyzing its various manifestations after the formal manner of tieatises on divinity. His book is one of the most curious and interesting in the whole realm of literature. Dr. .lohnson said that it "was the only book that ever took him out of bed two hours so(nicr than he wished to rise." Milton read it, deriving hints for II
