CADET. 778 CADIZ. years at sea in regular cruising ships, when they are eoniniissioned as ensigns. The ages of en- trance to the Academy are from 15 to 20 years, but efforts are being made to reduce the upper age limit to eighteen. According to the present law, the number of cadets allowed at the Academy is one for eacli Ixeprosentative and Delegate in Con- gi-ess and appointed by them, and ten at large and one for the District of Columbia, appointed by the President. See Naval Academy, United States. The number of cadets in foreign navies is limited by the number of applicants or the re- quirements of the service. The examination of cadets for the British Navy takes place in Lon- don and Portsmouth in JIarch, July, and Novem- ber, and the limits of age are UVi and lo'A years. The cadets are trained on board the old iine-of-battlo ship Britannia. In France the school for naval cadets is on board the stationary training-ship Borda. at Brest. The period of training is two years, and the age of entrance is from 14 to 18 years. In Germany the naval cadets are instructed at the Naval Academy at Kiel. The age of entrance must not exceed 19 years, and the requirements are such that very few boys under IG are likely to pass the entrance examination. CADI, Arab. pron. k-i'de, or KADI (Ar. qadl, judge, from qaday, to judge). The title of an inferior judge among the JMohanimedan nations, -who, like the :Molla"h (q.v.), or superior judge, was originally also a theologian, since all law is founded upon the Koran. The Cadi is differ- ently appointed in different countries; in Tur- key," where he is also called Naib, he is afp- pointed by the Mufti or Sheikh ul-Islani, the lead of tiie Mohammedan Church, and receives a fixed salary; in Persia and in Middle Asia the Cadi"s office "is more in the nature of a private affair. CAD'ILLAC. A city and county-seat of Wexford County. Mich.. ilS miles north of Grand Kapids. on the Ann Arbor and the Grand Rapids and Indiana railroads (Map: Michigan. H 4). It is iHcturesquely situated on Little Clam Lake in a noted hard-wood timber region, and has ex- tensive lumber interests. Settled in 1871. Cadil- lac was incorporated in 1874. and is now gov- erned under a revised charter of 1895, which pro- vides for a mavor elected annually, and a city council. Population, in 1800, 4461; in 1900, 5997. CADILLAC, kA'dS'yak', Antoixe de la MoTHE (c. 1000- 1720). A French military officer, the founder of Detroit. Mich. II<' was born in Cia.scony. of a noble French family, spent some time in Acadia as a captain in the French Army, and in 10;)4 was appointed by 'Frontenac com- mander of Miehilimackinac. Here he remained until 1G97. when he laid before Louis XIV. his plan for a permanent settlement as a trading- post for the Northwest. With the King's aj)- proval he founded Detroit in 1701. with fifty settlers and fiftv soldiers. He was Governor of Louisiana fr«im 1712 to 1717, when he re- turned to France, where he died. Consult Park- man. A Half Century of Conflict (Boston. 1892). CA'DIZ, Sp. pron. ka'Dfth (Fr. Cadix; an- cientlv. Lat. Aiir/uiita lulia Onditana. earlier Gades,' Gk. TdSci'pa, Oadcira, from Phoenician ■Oadir, hedge, stockade, fort). A city of Spain, in Andalusia, ca])ital of the province of its name and one of the most important seaports of the kingdom, situated on the Atlantic (Map: Spain, B 4). It is built on a narrow tongue of land pro- jecting from the Isla de Leon. The harbor of Cadiz is spacious, strongly fortified, and divided into two parts, the large roadstead between Santa Cata- lina and Cadiz, and the smaller but safer harbor between the fortifications of Matagorda and Puntales. The town is surrounded by strong walls on the northwest and south, and by nu- merous fortresses which guard the entrances to the outer and inner harbors. Cadiz presents a picturesque appearance, the whiteness of its buildings forming a striking con- trast with the blue ocean. In its arrangement, it is one of the most modern of Spanish cities, and although its limited site does not admit of wide avenues or extensive squares, its narrow streets are well paved and lighted, and scrupu- lously clean. The houses are invariably white- washed, and in most cases surmounted by towers, or mirudorcs, affording an excellent view of the sea. The main street is the Calle del Duque de Tetuan, and the chief squares are the Plaza de la Constitucion. Plaza de Mina, and Plaza de la Catedral. Cadiz has a fine jjromenade, the Alameda de Apodaca, extending along the water on the north, and the extensive Parque Genoves with a summer theatre. The two cathedrals are of recent construction, and possess little archi- tectural merit. In the southern part of the city is situated the old Capuchin convent, now used as an asylum, with the small church of Santa Ci.talina, containing Murillo's "Betrothal of Saint Catharine," a work which derives special intei'est from the fact that the master died while engaged in its execution. In the centre of the town is situated the Torre de Vigia, a watch-tower about 100 feet high, used as a signal .station, and affording a magnificent ocean view. Cadiz, in spite of its maritime position, has a very Iiot and rather unhealthful climate, which, together with the inadequate water-sup- ply, causes the high death-rate of about 44 per 1000. The city is the seat of a bishop and of a number of consular representatives. The educa- tional institutions include a faculty of medicine alliliatcd with the L'niversity of Seville, schools of art and commerce, a theological seminary, and a number of minor schools. There are also a number of theatres and libraries, and an archieo- logical museum. The Acadcmia de Bellas Artes contains a fine gallery of Italian and Spanish paintings. The commercial importance of Cadiz has been gradually declining, owing to the decreased com- munication with South America and the West Indies. The chief exports are sherry, olive oil, salt, and southern fruits. There is regular steam communication with Great Britain, the Canary Islands, the West Indies, France, South .merica, and Morocco. Population, in 1887, 62.531; in 1897,70,177. History. — Cadiz is one of the most ancient towns in Europe, having been built by the Phceni- cians, under the name of Gadir, about :i50 years V'efore the foundation of Rome, or about ii.o. 1000. It afterwards passed into the hands of the Car- thaginians, from whom it was captured by the Romans, who named it Gades, and under them it soon became a city of vast wealth and impor- tance. It was occupied by the Goths from the
