CAPE SAN BLAS 171 CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. CAPE SAN BLAS, siin bias. A cape on the west coast of Florida, llie southern point of the neck of hind which separates San Bias Bay from Saint Joseph's Bay (Map: Florida, C 2). It is about 20 miles nearly west of Apalacliicola. Cape fcjan Bias lighthouse is at the soutlicniniost point of the cape in latitude 29° 40' N. and longitude 85° 21' W. The light is OS feet above the sea- level and tlaslies alternately red and white, the interval between flashes being thirty seconds. CAPE SAN LtrCAS, Inn'kos. The southern- most point of the peninsula of Lower California, Mexico, situated in about latitude 22° 50' N. and longitude 10i)° 54' V. (Map: Mexico, D 6). CAPE SAN KOQUE, rO'ka. A promontory on the extreme northeastern coast of Brazil, situated in latitude 5° 30' S. and longitude 35° 14' V. (Map: Brazil, K 5). CAPE SPAR'TIVEN'TO (ancient Hercu- lis Promonloriutii) . The southeastern promon- tory of Italj', situated in latitude 37° 57' N., longitude 10^ 5' E., and once regarded as the most southern point of Italy {Map: Italy, L 10). CAPETIAN (ka-pe'shan) DY'NASTY (Fr. Cai'iticns) . The roj'al line in France from 987 to 1328. On the death of Louis V., the last of the Carolingians, in 987, Hugh Capet was elected King by the aid of the clergj-. From that time, for 341 years, all of the rulers of France belonged to the same family, and in almost every instance the son succeeded the father. The kings of the Capetian dynasty strengthened great- ly the royal power in France by insisting upon the principles of heredity, primogeniture, and (he indivisibility of the Crownlands, which they strove to increase. In the same year that he was crowned, Hugh caused his son Robert to be elected as his associate, and his practice wag followed until 1179, when Philip Augustus was crowned as his father's associate. By that time the hereditary principle was so finnly established that it was no longer necessary for the son to be chosen during his father's lifetime. The Cape- tians broke entirely awaj' from the Merovingian and Carolingian custom of dividing the kingdom junong all the sons. The eldest son alone became King and received the royal domain, and in this way the kingdom was saved from the divisions which had weakened the Carolingian Empire. The Capetians also by a forced interpretation of the Salic Law (q.v.) excluded females from the succession. (See Hixured Ye.^rs' War.) Most of the Capetians endeavored to add to the royal 43omain by the incorporation of additional fiefs, large or .small, and thus gradually obtained the direct lordship over a large jiart of France. This process was very rapid under Louis VL, Philip -Xugustus, Louis IX., and Philij) IV. The Cape- tian dvnasty was succeeded bj- tlie Valois dj-nasty (q.v.)". The rulers of the line were: Hugh Capet, 987- 1100: Robert IL, 996-1031; Henry I., 1031-60; Philip L, lOGO-1108: Louis VL, 1108-1137; Louis VII., 1137-80: Philip II. Augustus, 1180- 1223: Louis VIIL, 1223-26: Louis IX., 1226-70; Philip III., 1270-85; Philip IV., 128.5-1314; Louis X., 1314-16; Philip V., 1316-22; Charles IV., 1322 28. CAPE TO"WN. The capital of Cape Colony and the .second seaport of British South Africa (Map: Cape Colony, 1) 9) . It is situated on Table Bay, on a slope of Table Mountain, in latitude Vol. IV.— IJ. 33° 56' S. and longitude 18° 28' E. It is well built with fine streets and squares and all the impreveiiieuts of a modern city, including electric lighting. The public buildings as well as tlie private residences are in modern European style, and the entire aspect of the place, with the exception of the heterogeneous crowds in the streets, is essentially- European. The climate is comparatively moderate and healthful, and the water-supply excellent. There are a cathedral, several • churches of different denominations, a sjnagogue, and several mosques. The houses of Parliament, the buildings of the Supreme Court, and the banks are among the chief secular edifices. Cape Town has several colleges and an examining university, a South African iluseum, a librarj', and an observatory, besides a number of schools for elementary and secondary education. The har- bor has been improved by a breakwater of gigan- tic proj5ortions and is divided into several parts, of which the inner harbor is sufficiently deep for the heaviest vessels. The entrance to the harbor is defended by a castle which is the headquarters of the military forces of the colony. The com- merce of Cape Town is exceeded only by that of Port Elizabeth. The capital is connected by rail- way lines with all the important centres in the interior. Cape Town is the seat of a Catholic and an Anglican bishop, and of a number of consular representatives, including one from the L'nited States. The population, numbering about 84,000 (including suburbs), is extremely heterogeneous, including negroes, Kaffirs, Hottentots, and Euro- peans, largely of Dutch descent, who constitute over 50 per cent, of the total population of the town pro])er. Cape Town was foimded in 1052 by the Dutch, in whose possession it remained imtil 1806, wlien it was taken possession of by England. CAPE "VERDE. The westernmost point of Africa, jutting out into the Atlantic Ocean, near- ly midway between the rivers Gambia and Sene- gal, in latitude 14° 43' X., longitude 17° 34' VV. (Jlap: Africa, C 3). It was discovered by the Portuguese about 1445, and is said to have de- rived its name from a group of gigantic baobab trees which adorns its summit and forms a green spot on the white coast. CAPE VERDE ISLANDS (llhas Verdes). A group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Africa, belonging to Portugal, situated between latitudes 14° 45' and 17° 19' X'., and between longitudes 22° 45' and 25° 25' W. (Map: Africa, B 3). The ten principal islands are Santiago (S.ao Thiago), the largest and most important, Fogo, Brava, ifaio, Boavista. Sao Xicolao, Santo Antao, Sao Vicente, Santa Luzia, and Sal. In- cluding the four uninhabited islets, the total area of the group is estimated at 1480 square miles. The islands are all very mountainous, and owe their origin to the action of submarine volcanoes. The only active volcano is situated on the island of Fogo and has an altitude of over 9000 feet. The climate is hot and unhealth- ful, and the droughts which occasionally visit the islands arc frequently followed by famines, (sugar, coffee, tobacco, and indigo are cultivated, and some southern fruits are successfully grown. The plant Jatrophn riirras is also considerably cultivated. Several of the European domestic animals thrive well. Turtles abound in the surrounding seas, and whales are hunted by
