COFFIN. 120 COGHETTI. (1879) ; Old Times in the Col-onies (1880) : Life of Garfield (1880) ; liuildiny the Xatioii (1883) ; The Drum-Beat of the atioii (1887) ; Marching to Victory (1888); and Freedom Triumphant (1891. Coffin was distinguished for liis in- terest in labor legislation and economic ques- tions. He had a facile style and a vein of characteristically New England humor that se- cured for his books a wide popularity. Consult Griflis, The Life of Charles Carleton Coffin (Boston. 1804). COFFIN, Sir Isaac (1759-1839). A British admiral, burn in Boston, Mass. He entered the British Navy in 1773, served in the American Revolution, "and rose through all grades to the rank of admiral (1814). In 1818 he was elected to Parliament, where he remained until 1826. In the latter year he founded and endowed, on the island of Nantucket, a school which is still called by his name. COFFIN, .Tames Henry (1806-73). An American mathematician and meteorologist, born at Williamsburg, Mass. He graduated in 1828 at Amherst College, and in 1829 opened at Greenfield. Mass., the Fellenburg Manual Labor Institution, the first school of the sort in New England, and probably in the country. From 1846 imtil his death he held the chair of mathe- matics and astronomy at Lafayette College. His scientific attainments were notable. He erected on Mount Greyloek, at a height of about 4000 feet above sea-level, an observatory, where care- ful observations were made by means of a self- registering anemometer of his owTi device. In 1846 he was appointed one of the first collab- orators in the work of the Smithsonian Institu- tion, under whose auspices he published Winds of the ?iorthern Uemisphere (1853) — his chief volume, based on data collected from more than six hundred stations on land and at sea; Psy- chometrieal Tables (18561 ; and The Orbit and Phenomena of a Meteoric Fire Ball (1869). The theory of atmospheric circulation, known on the Continent as the Buys-Ballot (q.v.) Law, was announced by him in 1853 at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His further works include .Solar and Lunar Erlipses (1845), and Elements of Conic Sections (1849). COFFIN, Joiix Hi'NTiNGTON Craxe (1815- 90). An American astronomer. He was born in Wiseasset, Maine, graduated at Bowdoin College in 1834, and in 1S3G was appointed professor of mathematics in the United States Na-T. In 1844 he was detailed to the Naval Observatory. He was professor of astronomy and navigation in the United States Naval Academy from 1853 to 1865, and from 1866 was in charge of the American Ephemeris and yautical Almanac. He published a number of papers, mostly on astronomy. COFFIN, Joshua (1792-1864). An Ameri- can antiquarian, born at Newbury. !NIass. He graduated in 1817 at Dartmouth College, and afterwards became an instructor of the poet Whittier, who paid tribute to his memory in the poem "To My Old Schoolmaster." He was a founder of the New England Antislavery So- ciety, of which he became the first recording secretary. He published a History of Aneient Neichur'y (1845). COFFIN, Long Tom. A simple, daring sailor in The Pilot, by J. Fenimore Cooper, one of the strongest delineations of a sailor character in literature. COFFIN, WiixiAM AxDERSOX (1855—). An American landscape painter, born at Alle- gheny, Pa., January 31, 1855. He studied at the ^'ale Art School, and was afterwards a pupil of Bonnat in Paris. His work represents the dif- ferent moods of nature in rural scenery, and his first successes were in deiiicting moonlight efl'ccts in the country — placid farmhouses and hillsides in lunar light. His picture, the "Rain," was purchased by the iletropolitan iluseura. The success of nuiny art movements has been due to Mr. Coffin's activity in organization. He was the art director of the Pan-American Exposition of 1901, at Burtalo. He has been the recipient of various medals at American exhibitions, and obtained a bronze medal at the Paris Exposition of 1889. He is well known as a writer on art topics in the leading magazines. COFFINHAL, ko'fe-nal', .Iea:> Baptiste (1754-94). A French Revolutionist. He was born at Aurillac, Cantal, and after studying medicine and the law, became a lawyer in Paris. He was for some time president of the .lacobin Club, and in 1702 was successively appointed justice and vice-president of the Revolutionary Tribunal. It has been said that in sentencing Lavoisier to death he used the words, "The world has no longer any use for chemists." Later he became implicated in the fall of Robes- pierre, and although he succeeded in ell'ecting his escape to the He des Cygnes, he was betraj-ed by a friend, summoned before the Revolutionary Tribunal, and shorth' afterwards condemned and executed. COGALNICEANU, k6-g«l-ne-cha-iln', IVIl- chael (1817-91). A Rumanian statesman and historian. He was born at .Jassy, and was edu- cated at Luneville (1834) and Berlin. L^pon his return he became one of the most active members of the party agitating for the union of ^Moldavia and Wallachia into a single Rumanian princi- pality, a party which subsequently supported him faithfully. In 1840 he founded the journal Dacia Literara, and somewhat later the powerful unionist organ, <S7e«n Dnnurei. L'pon the estab- lishment of the union under Prince Cusa (1859) he was prominent in national afl'airs, and as Min- ister of Public Instruction he founded in 1800 the University of Jassy. Under Charles of Hohenzol- lern, Cogalniceanu was Minister of the Interior from 1868 to 1870: was Minister of Foreign Affairs at the time of the Russo-Turkish War (1877-78), participating in the Congress of Ber- lin: again Minister of the Interior in 1879-80, and Minister pleniimtcntiary at Paris (1880-81). He distinguished himself by his zeal in the cause of educational, legislative, and political reform. COGHETTI, k.i-get'te, Francesco (1804-75). An Italian painter. He was born at Bergamo, was a pupil of Camuccini in Rome, where he settled permanently, and was for a number of years president of the Academy of San Luca. He devoted himself especially to tfie study of Raphael, and is recognized as the head of the modem Italian school, which strove to restore the classical styles of painting. He executed many altar-pieces for churches, and fresco- paintings for palaces in Bergamo, Rome, and
