COLERIDGE. 139 COLGATE. the death of her husband she continued the edit- ing of her father's works, and tliis was her principal literary work. Her intellijjjence and learning are shown in various transhilions and some original work, of which the tale I'hanldx- mion (18.37) is the most important. Consult lier Memoirs and Letters, edited by her daughter (London, 1873). COLEBIDGE-TAYLOR, Samlel (1875-). An English ooniposer uf music, born in London. He is of African descent, through his father, who was a native of the West Coast of Africa (Sierra Leone). His mother was an English- woman, and lie himself was brouglit up under English inlluences. After a distinguished career at the Koyal Academy — which he entered at fifteen, winning the composition scholarsliip in 189'*, and studying under Villiers-Stanford until 1896 — he devoted himself entirely to composition. Up to 1902 his best work was a nuisical setting to Longfellow's Hiawatha, arranged for soprano, alto, and baritone soloists and mixed chorus. His other published and manuscript works in- clude an idyll for orchestra; a ballade for violin
- ind orchestra
- a sjnnphony in A minor (1896) ;
an operetta. Dream Lovers; and several songs and anthems. COLES, kolz, CowPER Phipps (1819-70). An English naval officer. He served as flag-lieu- tenant to Sir Ednnmd Lyons in the Mediter- ranean (1853), and at the bombardment of Sebastopol (October 17. 1854). In 1856 the plan of defensive armor for battle-ships began to engage his attention. The idea originally pro- posed had been that of a raft and shield, and this idea was modified by Coles into that of a vessel with a low fi-eeboard surmounled by a series of turrets equipped with heavy guns. The similarity of this conception to the monitor type elaborated by Ericsson was such that the respect- ive claims of the two men eventually led to a bit- ter controversy. A vessel was finally construct- ed in accordance with Coles's specifications. She was commissioned under the name of The Cap- tain, in 1870, and on September 7 of that year capsized in a gale off Cape Finisterre, and almost everybody on board, including Coles, was drowned. COL'ET, .TonN (c.1467-1519). An English theologian, born probably in 1467 in London. He studied at Oxford, traveled in Paris and Italy (1493-96), and became acquainted with Buda;us and Erasmus. Returning to England, he took up his residence at Oxford, and there lectured upon the Epistle to the Romans, displaying orig- inality and independence of the schoolmen. The next year he lectured in the same fashion on First Corinthians, and so upon other New Testa- ment books, until, in 1505, he was appointed dean of Saint Paul's, London. Having inlierited from his father a large fortune in 1509, he founded Saint Paul's Scliool in London, of which Yilliam Lillj' was the first master. His reli- gious opinions were so much more liberal than was commoi at the time that he was subjected to considerable persecution. As dean of Saint Paul's he made a great point of expounding the Bible, disapproved of auricular confession and the enforced celibacy of the clergy, denied the efficacy of pilgrimages and the worship of im- ages, and denounced corruption in the Chvirch. His influence is traceable as paving the way for Vol. v.— 10. the Reformation, although it is probable that, like other humanists, lie would not have left the old Church. He died in London (or at Sheen, a few miles southeast of London), September 16, 1519. Aside from liis Latin llramnuir and his Daily Devotions, his works did not appear until the nineteenth century, edited by Kev. ,T. H. Lupton, with English transhitions. Consult his biograpliy by .T. H. Lu])ton (London, 1887): and F. Seebohm, Three O.rforcl Itrformers: Eras- Duis, Volet, and More (3d ed., London, 1887). COLET, ko'la', Louise Revoil (1810-7G). A French poet and novelist. Among lier verses are Les fleurs du midi and Penserosa.. The Mttsee de Versailles and Les funtWailles de Napoleon are more sustained fliglits, the former crowned by the Institute. A comedy, La jeunesse de Goethe (1839), and two novels. La jeunesse do Mira- beau (1841) and Les eceurs brises (1843), de- serve mention, but nothing that she composed equals in interest her publication, in defiance of a legal injunction, of the corresjiondence of ]Madame Reeamier with Benjamin Constant (1849). COLE-WORT ( from cole, AS. cauel, caul. OHCJ. kol, Ger. Kohl, cabbage, from Lat. caulis, cab- bage, Gk. KaiiX6s, katilos, stalk -f- wort, AS. ayrt, plant, Ger. H'h/s, root; ultimately connected with Lat. radix, root). A name given to some of the many cultivated varieties of Brassica oleracea, and applied, like the names borecole and kale, to varieties differing from the cabbage (q.v.) in their open heads of leaves, which are used as greens, especially in the winter months. The same name is also given to cabbages cut for use before their leaves have full}' closed into heads. COLFAX, kol'faks. A city and county-seat of W'liilman County, Wash., 78 miles south of Spokane; on the Palouse River, and on the line of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Com- pany' (Map: Washington, H 3). The centre of a fertile agricultural country, it controls a con- siderable trade in live stock, grain, fruits, and lumber. There are also several industrial estab- lishments. The city owns its water-works. Popu- lation, in 1890, 1649: in 1900, 2121. COLFAX, Schuyler (1823-85). An Ameri- can statesman, born in New York City. He re- moved to Indiana in 1836, where he studied law, and in 1845 became editor of the Ifcyister. a Whig newspaper at South Bend, which, under his management, became the most powerful or- gan of its kind in that part of the State. After a defeat in 1851, he was elected to Congress in 1854. served seven consecutive terms, and was Speaker from 1863 to 1869. He Avas Vice-Presi- dent of the United States from 1869 to 1873. In the John C. Fremont canijiaign of 1856, a speech made by him was used for party ])ur- poses, and half a million copies were distribut- ed over the country. He introduced several im- portant acts for the reform of the postal sys- tem, in which he took an especial interest, and in 18t!2 framed the law which made fraudulent contractors felons. Charges of corruption were brought against him at the time of the Credit ^fobilier scandal (q.v. 1, in 1873. but were never proved. Consult Hollister. Life of Schuyler Col- fax (New York. 1886). COLGATE, krd'gat, .T.i[ES Boorm.x (1818 — ) . An American financier. He was born in
